元代前期科举废止与诗学观念的演变  

The Abolition of the Imperial Examination in the Early Yuan Dynasty and the Evolution of Poetic Concepts

作　　者：何长盛[1] HE Chang-sheng

机构地区：[1]山西大学文学院,太原030006

出　　处：《求是学刊》2023年第5期159-168,共10页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代文体观念文献整理与研究”(18ZDA236);教育部人文社科青年基金项目“文化认同与元代北游文学思想研究”(21YJC751008)。

摘　　要：元代前期科举制度的废止对文学观念的演变产生了一定影响。科举被废后,诗坛发起了带有竞技意味的诗社活动,也出现了以娱情悦性为宗旨的闲散诗会。与“为文造情”的科举程文不同,元代前期文人在诗文创作中往往流露出真实情感,并在诗学理论中有“尚情”的倾向。针对科举所引发的较为功利的创作态度,元代前期诗论家尊崇自然风格,标举“尚天”理念。科举废止后,元人大量北游,在诗学理论中也推崇“尚游”思想,这与江西诗派后学所崇尚的“闭门觅句”是一种不同的创作观念。此期对唐宋诗体的辨析趋于深化,并潜在地影响了崇唐的文体观念。这些与宋代以来的诗学思想有明显的区别,在某种意义上标示着宋元诗学观念的转型。The abolition of the imperial examination system in the early Yuan Dynasty had an impact on the evolution of literary concepts.After the abolition of the imperial examination,poets initiated poetry club activi⁃ties and some poetry clubs also emerged.Unlike the imperial examinations,which“created emotions for the sake of literature”,the literati in the early Yuan Dynasty had a tendency to“favor emotions”in poetic theory.In response to the utilitarian creative attitude triggered by the imperial examination,early Yuan poetry theo⁃rists revered natural style,marking the concept of“favor nature”.After the abolition of the imperial examina⁃tion,the Yuan people began to engage in the behavior of traveling to the north,and they also advocated the idea of“favor traveling”in poetic theory.This is a different creative concept from the contemplation advocated by the Jiangxi Poetry School in the later stage.The analysis of the Tang and Song styles in the early Yuan Dynasty tended to deepen,and potentially influenced the genre concept of the Yuan people’s reverence for Tang.These concepts are significantly different from the poetic ideas since the Song Dynasty,indicating the transformation of poetic concepts in the Song and Yuan dynasties.

关 键 词：元代前期 科举 诗学转型 文体观念 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K247[历史地理—历史学] D691.3[历史地理—中国史]