基于RS与GIS技术的喀斯特煤矿区生态环境质量评价:以盘州市为例  

Evaluation of ecological environment quality in Karst coal mining area based on RS and GIS:a case study of Panzhou City

作　　者：刘发勇 田祥贵 何林 LIU Fayong;TIAN Xianggui;HE Lin(Guizhou Panjiang Coal Power Group Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州盘江煤电集团技术研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第2期63-68,共6页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：贵州省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目资助(编号:黔科中引地[2021]4005);贵州省科技项目一般项目资助(编号:黔科合支撑[2022]一般016,黔科合重大专项字[2021]3001(课题1))。

摘　　要：针对喀斯特煤矿区特殊的地质环境特点,综合考虑影响生态环境质量的因素,选取与煤矿开采活动关联的指标因子,建立喀斯特煤矿区生态环境质量综合评价指标体系。通过对评价指标的分级处理,利用RS与GIS技术对指标因子进行单一评价分析,并在ArcGIS栅格数据空间叠加分析计算的支持下,采用综合指数法和层次分析法对盘州市生态环境质量进行综合评价,从而得到盘州市喀斯特煤矿区的生态环境质量等级。评价结果显示,盘州市生态环境质量大部分较好,优良等级占比达75.03%,但部分区域山高坡陡、植被覆盖度低及煤矿开采区相对应的生态环境情况较差;在生态环境保护及经济发展的规划中应以生态环境质量较差的区域为主,加强矿山土地复垦、植树造林等一系列生态恢复措施。在综合评价时引入生态环境质量网格化评价方法,通过一定范围内生态环境质量等级面积及权重的定量计算,为区域生态环境质量评价提供参考。In view of the special geological environment characteristics of Karst coal mining area,considering the factors affecting the quality of ecological environment,the index factors related to coal mining activities are selected,and the comprehensive evaluation index system of ecological environment quality in Karst coal mining area is established.Through the classification of evaluation indexes,the single evaluation and analysis of index factors are carried out by using RS and GIS technology.With the support of ArcGIS raster data spatial superposition analysis and calculation,the comprehensive index method and analytic hierarchy process are used to comprehensively evaluate the ecological environment quality of Panzhou City,so as to obtain the ecological environment quality grade of Karst coal mining area in Panzhou City.The evaluation results show that most of the ecological environment quality in Panzhou City is good,and the excellent grade accounts for 75.03%.However,some mountains are high and steep,the vegetation coverage is low,and the ecological environment corresponding to the coal mining area is poor.In the planning of ecological environment protection and economic development,it should give priority to areas with poor ecological environment quality,and increase a series of ecological restoration measures such as mine land reclamation and afforestation.In the comprehensive evaluation,the grid evaluation method of ecological environment quality is introduced.Through the quantitative calculation of the area and weight of ecological environment quality grade in a certain range,it provides a reference for regional ecological environment quality evaluation.

关 键 词：喀斯特煤矿区 生态环境质量 GIS技术 指标体系 生态修复 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿] X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]