马克思恩格斯文明观的基本内容及其当代意义  

The Basic Content of Marx and Engels'View of Civilization and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：翟俊刚 Zhai Jungang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2023年第10期93-106,M0006,共15页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国共产党领导人民创造的人类文明新形态研究”(22ZDA020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思恩格斯的文明观是对以往人类文明思想的根本革新。由于科学实践观的确立,马克思恩格斯实现了哲学世界观、历史观革命,进而创立了科学的文明观。马克思恩格斯从人的现实活动出发理解文明现象、揭示其本质特征,在社会进步的意义上把握文明。在他们看来,“文明”范畴是对人类文化创造的积极成果的总称、概括;从社会基本矛盾运动出发揭示文明的内在逻辑关系,从社会形态把握文明形态,揭示其根本动力、演进规律、进步趋势和矛盾性质;文明进步的主题在于人类解放和人的自由全面发展。马克思恩格斯运用唯物史观基本原理,对资本主义社会开创的文明形态进行分析、揭露和批判,进而在此基础上对共产主义文明的本质要求和发展特征作了科学探讨、阐述,为共产主义革命事业指明方向。马克思恩格斯的文明观对于我们坚定理论自信、开展理论创新依然具有重要指导意义。Marx and Engels'view of civilization presents a fundamental innovation over previous thoughts on human civilization.The establishment of the scientific concept of practice,Marx and Engels achieved a revolution in the philosophical view of the world and of history,followed by the formulation of a scientific view of civilization.Marx and Engels construed the phenomenon of civilization based on real human activities,revealed its essential characteristics,and understood civilization in the sense of social progress.In their view,"civilization"as a category is an umbrella term for the positive achievements of human cultural creation.They started from the movement of the basic social contradictions to reveal the internal logical relationships within civilization,grasped the form of civilization from the perspective of the modes of social formation,and discovered the fundamental driving force,evolution law,progress trend and the nature of contradictions in each mode of social formation.The main theme in civilizational progress lies in the emancipation of mankind and the free and all-round development of human beings.Based on the basic principles of historical materialism,Marx and Engels analyzed,exposed and criticized the form of civilization created in capitalist society,and on this basis scientifically discussed and expounded the essential requirements and development characteristics of communist civilization,and pointed out the direction for the cause of communist revolution.Marx and Engels'view of civilization is still of important guiding significance for enhancing our theoretical confidence and theoretical innovation.

关 键 词：马克思恩格斯文明观 科学实践观 文明形态 现代文明 共产主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B0-0