合肥市6个月至6岁儿童屈光状态分析  

Analysis of refractive state of children aged 6 months to 6 years in Hefei

作　　者：马翠侠 刘帅 王琼 Ma Cuixia;Liu Shuai;Wang Qiong(Hefei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Hefei,Anhui 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥市妇幼保健院,230000

出　　处：《临床眼科杂志》2024年第1期26-30,共5页Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology

基　　金：合肥市科技局2020年自主创新政策“借转补”项目(J2020Y08);合肥市卫生健康委2022年应用医学研究项目(Hwk2022yb028);合肥市妇幼保健院院级课题项目(yb2022-2-6)。

摘　　要：目的了解合肥市6个月至6岁儿童屈光发育状况,为制定合肥市学龄前儿童眼保健措施提供科学依据。方法横断面研究。抽取合肥市保健院2022年1月至2023年2月进行眼保健检查的14166名6个月至6岁学龄前儿童,其中男生8358人,女生5808人。运用Spot VS100伟伦手持视觉筛查仪检测眼部屈光状态,参照由美国伟伦公司提供的各年龄段屈光筛查转诊标准来确定筛查结果。并且在筛查屈光度前完成全面的眼前节检查。结果6个月至6岁学龄前儿童屈光不正总异常率为21.42%,其中男生屈光不正异常率21.97%。女生屈光不正异常率20.63%,男女屈光不正异常率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同年龄段中6个月至1岁儿童屈光异常率最高为33.96%。不同年龄段散光异常检出率高,且各年龄段组散光异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着年龄的增长近视异常检出率呈增高趋势,且在3岁以上增长明显,3岁以上年龄组与其他两个年龄段组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);远视储备低的检出率随着年龄增高呈下降趋势,在屈光异常中检出率比较高。同时发现男女生平均球镜屈光度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且不同年龄段儿童的球镜屈光度随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势,但总体比较差异无计学意义(P>0.05)。结论屈光不正是合肥市学龄前儿童的常见眼病,其中散光及远视是学龄前儿童最常见的屈光不正类型,近视发生率在3岁以上的学龄前儿童呈明显增高趋势,且远视储备低的异常检出率在各年龄段偏高,近视低龄化发生发展问题严重。我们应定期实施学龄前儿童屈光眼健康筛查,建立屈光档案及个性化宣教指导,有利于屈光不正相关眼病的早发现、早诊治。Objective To understand the refractive development of children aged 6 months to 6 years in Hefei,and to provide scientific basis for formulating eye care measures for preschool children in Hefei.Methods In this crosssectional study A total of 14166 preschool children aged from June to 6 years old,including 8358 boys and 5808 girls,were selected from 2022.1 to 2023.2 for eye health examination in Hefei Health Hospital.Eye refraction status was mea⁃sured using the Spot VS100 Valen Handheld Vision Screen,and screening results were determined by reference to agespecific referral criteria for refractive screening provided by Valen,Inc.A comprehensive anterior segment examination was performed prior to screening for diopter.Results The total abnormal rate of refractive errors in preschool children aged 6 months to 6 years is 21.42%,among which the abnormal rate of refractive errors in boys is 21.97%.The abnormal rate of refractive errors in female students was 20.63%,which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Among different age groups,the highest refractive abnormality rate was 33.96%in children aged 6-1 years old.The detection rate of abnor⁃mal astigmatism in different age groups is high and statistically significant(P<0.05);The detection rate of myopia abnor⁃malities shows an increasing trend with age,and it increases significantly over the age of 3,with statistical significance(P<0.05);The detection rate of low hyperopia reserve decreases with age,but it is relatively high in refractive abnormali⁃ties.At the same time,it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the average spherical diopter be⁃tween male and female students(P>0.05),and the spherical diopter of children of different age groups showed a decreas⁃ing trend with age,but the overall comparison was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Refractive error is a common eye disease in preschool children in Hefei,among which astigmatism and farsightedness are the most common types of refractive error in pre

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 屈光不正 散光 远视 近视 远视储备低 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]