反思与重构:对“己所不欲,勿施于人”道德金律的再思考  

Reflection and Reconstruction:Rethinking the Moral Law of“Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want”

作　　者：郭佳楠 Guo Jianan(College of Marxism,Zhengzhou Technology and Business University,Zhengzhou Henan 450000,China;Research Center for Digital Humanities,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州工商学院马克思主义学院,河南郑州450000 [2]中国人民大学数字人文研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2024年第1期68-76,共9页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：郑州工商学院科研创新项目“基于ChatGPT类生成式人工智能的红色文化传播现状与策略研究”(2023-KYZD-01)。

摘　　要：“己所不欲,勿施于人”道德金律是迄今为止被人类所接受的最为广泛的道德准则之一。“己所不欲,勿施于人”的道德意涵主要体现为:人与人之间的交往要讲究平等,自己不愿意做的事情就不要强加给别人。当前,学界认为“己所不欲,勿施于人”这一道德金律常常在伦理责任、利己主义倾向、个体与集体的关系方面存在价值争议,并以此来分析这一道德金律的历史局限性:从正义伦理角度看,它未能解释如何处理非平等互惠性问题,同时也没有明确阐释无论我希望别人如何对待我,我的义务是否都是义务的问题;从仁爱伦理角度看,它似乎没有增加人们对仁爱适用正确情境的理解,亦即没有从根本上激发出人们实施仁爱的内在力量。基于此,结合当今话语情境与时代特征,我们更多需要在平等互惠的共识上使用“己所不欲,勿施于人”这一道德金律,进一步明确彼此承担的道德责任与义务,积极构建“一元主导、多元共存”的价值观格局,增强集体意识、类意识,以提升全体社会成员自爱、爱人的道德素养,进而发掘其时代意义,在理论与实践的双向互动中实现其价值重塑。The moral law of“do not do to others what you do not want”is one of the most widely accepted moral principles by humans so far.The moral meaning of“do not do to others what you do not want”is reflected in the principle of equality in interpersonal commu-nication,and not impose on others what you do not want to do.Currently,the academic community believes that the moral law of“do not do to others what you do not want”often has value controversies in terms of ethical responsibility,egoistic tendencies,and the rela-tionship between individuals and collectives.Based on this,the historical limitations of this moral law are analyzed.From the perspec-tive of justice ethics,it fails to explain how to deal with unequal reciprocity issues,and also does not clearly explain whether my obliga-tions are obligations regardless of how I hope others will treat me.From the perspective of benevolence ethics,this moral law seems to have not increased people’s understanding of the correct context in which benevolence applies,that is,it has not fundamentally stimu-lated the internal power of benevolence.Based on this,combined with the context of discourse and the characteristics of the times,it should be placed in the context of modern human survival.It is necessary to use more of the moral law of“do not do to others what you do not want to do to others”on the consensus of equality and mutual benefit,further clarify the moral responsibilities and obligations that each other undertakes,actively construct a value pattern of“one dominant,multiple coexisting”,enhance collective consciousness and class consciousness to enhance the moral literacy of all members of society in terms of self love and love,and then explore its con-temporary significance,realizing its value reshaping in the two-way interaction of theory and practice.

关 键 词：道德金律 正义 仁爱 互惠 

分 类 号：B821[哲学宗教—伦理学]