黑皮冬瓜同源四倍体与二倍体解剖学分析  

Anatomical Analysis of Autotetraploid and Diploid of Black Wax Gourd

作　　者：万正林 陆建勋[1] 梁远彬 张曼[1] 刘文君[1] 周建辉[1] WAN Zhenglin;LU Jianxun;LIANG Yuanbin;ZHANG Man;LIU Wenjun;ZHOU Jianhui(Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Agricultural Science Research Institute of Xingye County,Yulin,Guangxi 537800)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院,广西南宁530007 [2]兴业县农业科学研究所,广西玉林537800

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第2期15-22,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(2020GXNSFAA259070);广西科技计划资助项目(桂科AD20297129);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项资助项目(桂农科2019M29);广西特色作物试验站建设资助项目(桂TS2022014)。

摘　　要：以二倍体及同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜为试材,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,研究了花粉形态及活力、双受精及胚胎发育情况对二倍体及同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜育性和结实率的影响,以期为同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜自交低稔性机理提供参考依据。结果表明:同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜花粉粒大,异形花粉较多,畸形率达42.43%,花粉活力低,花粉管生长缓慢。同源四倍体黑皮冬瓜存在明显的胚囊解体、退化或败育现象,异常胚囊率约占40%;双受精过程延后1 d,且双受精率低;合子休眠期长,胚发育进程比二倍体晚5 d;胚胎发育过程存在较高频率的胚胎发育滞后、非正常发育的合子、大量巨型胚乳游离核及游离核或胚乳细胞在合子期到球胚期大量提前解体、退化等现象。Taking diploid and autotetrapolid black wax gourd as experimental materials,the effects of pollen morphology and vitality,double fertilization,and embryonic development on the fertility and seed setting rate of diploid and autotetraploid black wax gourd were studied by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,in order to provide reference for the mechanism of low fertility in self-pollination of autotetraploid black wax gourd.The results showed that the pollen grains of autotetraploid black wax gourd were larger than diploid,there were lots of abnormal structure of pollen grains,and the abnormal rate was 42.43%.The pollen viability of autotetraploid was lower than diploid and the growth speed of pollen tubes was slower than diploid.There was obvious disintegration,degradation or abortion of embryo-sac in autotetraploid black wax gourd,and the abnormal embryo-sac rate was about 40%.The double fertilization process of autotetraploid black wax gourd was delayed by 1 day,and the fertilization rate of autotetraploid was lower than diploid;the dormancy stage of zygote of autotetraploid was longer than diploid,and the embryo development of autotetraploid was later 5 days than diploid.During embryo development,there were higher frequency of embryo development lag,abnormal development of zygote,and lots of endosperm cells with large nuclei,and lots of free nuclei or endosperm cells disintegrated or degenerated at the dormancy stage of zygote and globular embryos stage.

关 键 词：黑皮冬瓜 同源四倍体 解剖学 低稔性 

分 类 号：S642.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]