天下无无父母之国:古典儒学视域下的一种家国关系  

There is No Country Without Parents: A Kind of Relationship between Family and Country from the Perspective of Classical Confucianism

作　　者：张辉 Zhang Hui

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学经济伦理研究中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第4期27-35,180,共10页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：学界以往常以“家国同构”或“家国一体”来描述儒学对家国关系的理解,这一理解模式无法解释家、国之间实际存在的断裂与二者间的冲突。在古典儒学思想中,家和国并不完全一致,甚至还存在明显冲突。在面临二者的冲突时,孔孟都主张将家庭伦理置于政治责任之上,优先考虑维护伦理亲情,在尽可能减少对国伤害的前提下保全家庭的完整。在古典儒学观念中,家庭更具有先在性和原初性,家庭中的血缘亲情具有必然性,是道德原则的本源,也是构建社会伦理和国家政治秩序的基础,而国家并不是一个必然的存在。古典儒学对家国关系的这一理解在后世的政治实践中不时出场,不断提醒人们国家存在的根本目的,一定程度上限制了国家的权威对家庭利益的任意侵犯。In the usual way,“family and country are isomorphic” or “family and country are integrated” is used to describe Confucianism's understanding of the relationship between family and country. This explanation model noticed the consistency of family and country in Confucianism,but also obscures the complexity of the relationship between family and country in Confucianism,and cannot explain the actual fracture and conflict between family and country. In classical Confucianism,family and country are not completely consistent,and there are even obvious conflicts. In the face of these conflicts, both Confucius and Mencius advocated putting family ethics above political responsibility,giving priority to maintaining ethical relationship,preserving the integrity of the family under the premise of reducing the harm to the country as much as possible,and endowed the country with a strong ethical character.In the concept of classical Confucianism,the family is more pre-existing and original.This is because the blood relationship in the family are inevitable. It is the origin of moral principles and the foundatio for building social ethics and national political order. However,the country is not an inevitable existence,and there is a more universal world on it. This understanding of the relationship between the family and the country in classical Confucianism appeared from time to time in the later political practice,constantly reminding people of the fundamental purpose of the existence of the country and the limitations of the country,and restricted the arbitrary infringement of the authority of the country on the interests of the family.

关 键 词：古典儒学 家国关系 家国同构 家庭优先 血缘亲情 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]