砂纸冰对民机平尾气动特性的影响  

Effects of roughness ice on aerodynamic performance of civil aircraft horizontal tail

作　　者：李海星 周峰[1] 颜巍[1] 白峰[1] 赵克良[1] LI Haixing;ZHOU Feng;YAN Wei;BAI Feng;ZHAO Keliang(Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute,COMAC,Shanghai 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]中国商用飞机有限责任公司、上海飞机设计研究院,上海201210

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第2期151-166,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“变革性技术关键科学问题”重点专项(2020YFA0712000)。

摘　　要：平尾结冰严重影响飞机的纵向操纵性及稳定性。为研究结砂纸冰对平尾气动特性的影响,采用基于某民机平尾设计的大、小模型,在低速增压风洞中开展了带砂纸冰的测力试验,分析了砂纸冰粗糙度、雷诺数、角冰粗糙度对带冰平尾气动特性的影响规律,同时总结了砂纸冰的缩比方法。结果表明:砂纸冰粗糙度增加会导致平尾气动特性逐步恶化,在飞行雷诺数条件下,当冰型粗糙度相对高度为0.2×10^(-3)~0.6×10^(-3)时,相比于无冰条件,最大升力系数降低0.3~0.4;雷诺数对带砂纸冰平尾气动特性的影响超过对带角冰平尾的影响,但远小于对干净平尾的影响,当带砂纸冰平尾雷诺数由3.29×10^(6)提高至13.1×10^(6)后,其最大升力系数提高0.02~0.04;角冰表面粗糙度的变化对平尾气动特性的影响较小,由粗糙度带来的升力损失远小于角冰本身所带来的影响;当砂纸冰高度远超过当地边界层厚度时,风洞试验可根据模型比例对砂纸冰粗糙度进行几何缩比,而当砂纸颗粒较小时,采用几何缩比方式获得的砂纸冰对平尾气动力影响相对较小。提出了基于边界层厚度的砂纸冰粗糙度缩比方法,该方法的适用性还需要进一步验证。Icing on the horizontal tail seriously affects the longitudinal controllability and stability of aircraft.To study the effect of roughness ice on the aerodynamic performance of the horizontal tail,we conduct a force test in a low-speed pressured wind tunnel using two horizontal tail models designed based on a civil aircraft horizontal tail,analyze the ef⁃fect laws of the ice roughness,the horizontal tail Reynold number and the horn ice roughness on the horizontal tail aerodynamic performance,and summarize the scaling method of the roughness ice used in the wind tunnel.The re⁃sults show that increase in ice roughness will gradually reduce the horizontal tail aerodynamic performance,and the maximal lift coefficient will decrease by 0.3−0.4 with the ice roughness relative height within 0.2×10^(−3)to 0.6×10^(−3)under flight Reynolds number compared to the clean tail;the influence of Reynolds number on the horizontal tail aero⁃dynamic performance with roughness exceeds that on the horizontal tail with horn ice,though is much smaller than that on the clean horizontal tail,and the maximal lift coefficient will increase by approximately 0.02−0.04 when the Reynolds number of the horizontal tail with roughness ice increases from 3.29×10^(6)to 13.1×10^(6);the change in the surface roughness of the horn ice has less influence on the aerodynamic performance of the horizontal tail,and the lift loss caused by the roughness is much smaller than that brought by the horn ice itself;when the height of roughness ice significantly exceeds the thickness of the local boundary layer,the roughness ice could be directly scaled according to the geometric scaling of the model,and when the height of roughness ice is smaller than the thickness of the local boundary layer,the influence of roughness ice obtained through geometric scaling on the horizontal tail is relatively small.The roughness ice scaling method based on the boundary layer thickness is proposed,and the applicability of this method needs further verification.

关 键 词：砂纸冰 平尾 风洞试验 气动特性 粗糙度 雷诺数 边界层 

分 类 号：V211.74[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]