不同培肥措施对宁南旱地土壤酶活性和微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of different fertilization measures on soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity in dryland of southern Ningnan

作　　者：金春娥 姬强 王亚麒[1] 王锐 何进勤[2] 雷金银[2] JIN Chun-e;JI Qiang;WANG Ya-qi;WANG Rui;HE Jin-qin;LEI Jin-yin(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期40-49,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：“十四五”农业高质量发展与生态保护项目(NGSB-2021-11-05);农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测(NAES091AE18)。

摘　　要：为研究不同有机肥和化肥配施对宁南旱地土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响,探讨有机无机配施条件下土壤肥力、土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的内在联系,为建立科学合理的有机无机配施技术体系提供理论依据。试验设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥+0.6倍腐熟牛粪(CF1)、常规施肥+腐熟牛粪(CF2)、常规施肥+秸秆还田(CFS)4个处理,通过1年田间试验,研究土壤肥力、纤维素二糖水解酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、正乙酰葡萄糖氨基胺酶和碱性磷酸酶及土壤细菌、真菌多样性、群落结构的变化规律。结果表明,不同培肥处理较不施肥处理能够显著提高土壤养分含量,CF2处理的土壤养分最高。与CK处理相比,CF2处理的土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和全氮显著提高了2.22%、112.18%、52.13%和16.45%。与CK相比,CF2处理的土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素二糖水解酶、正乙酰葡萄糖氨基胺酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高了107.63%、10.72%、4.40%和39.88%。与CK相比,CF1、CF2和CFS处理均降低了土壤细菌多样性和丰富度,CF1和CF2处理增加了土壤真菌多样性和丰富度。对于微生物群落而言,CF2处理增加了土壤细菌绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和土壤真菌被孢菌门、担子菌门的相对丰度。综上,CF1、CF2和CFS处理均可提高土壤养分含量,土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶活性对腐熟牛粪的响应更为敏感。土壤速效钾和有效磷是影响土壤细菌群落构成的环境因子,土壤有机质和全氮是土壤真菌群落构成的环境因子。因此,常规施肥+腐熟牛粪(CF2)处理有利于提高宁南山区的土壤肥力和维持生态系统的稳定。The effects of different organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on soil enzyme activity and microbial community in dryland of Ningxia was studied,and the intrinsic relationship between soil fertility,soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity under the conditions of organic and inorganic application was explored to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a scientific and reasonable organic and inorganic application technology system.In this experiment,four treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+0.6 times rotted cow manure(CF1),conventional fertilization+rotted cow manure(CF2),conventional fertilization+straw return(CFS),and the changes of soil fertility,cellulose disaccharide hydrolase,β-glucosidase,N-acetylglucosamine enzyme,alkaline phosphatase,soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure were studied through one-year field experiments.The results showed that soil nutrient content could be significantly increased by different fertilizer treatment compared with CK,and the soil nutrient content was the highest under CF2 treatment.Compared with CK,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and total nitrogen were significantly increased by 2.22%,112.18%,52.13%and 16.45%,respectively,the soilβ-glucosidase,cellobiohydrolase,N-acetyl-D-glucosidase activity and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by 107.63%,10.72%,4.40%and 39.88%,respectively,in CF2 treatment.Different fertilization treatments reduced the diversity and richness of soil bacteria,and the treatment of rotten cow manure increased the diversity and richness of soil fungi.For microbial communities,different fertilization treatments increased the relative abundance of soil bacterial actinomycetes,green bay phylum and acid bacillus phylum,and soil fungal epistorospores and basidiomycetes.In summary,different fertilizer treatments could increase soil nutrient content,and soilβ-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activity were more sensitive to the response o

关 键 词：腐熟牛粪 秸秆还田 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]