不同有机肥对雪茄各部位烟叶养分吸收及产质量的影响  

Effects of different organic fertilizers on nutrient uptake,yield and quality of tobacco leaves in different parts of cigar tobacco

作　　者：张豪强 杨春雷 饶雄飞 李小坤[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 廖世鹏[1] ZHANG Hao-qiang;YANG Chun-lei;RAO Xiong-fei;LI Xiao-kun;LU Jian-wei;LIAO Shi-peng(Coege of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratoryof Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)/Microelement Research Center,HuazhongAgricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070;Hubei Academy of Tobacco Science,Wuhan Hubei 430030)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第12期227-235,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2021-009)。

摘　　要：为探究丹江口雪茄烟叶主产区适宜的有机肥种类,选取黄腐酸、鱼骨粉、花生饼、菜籽饼共4种有机肥开展大田试验,研究其对茄衣烟叶养分吸收及产质量的影响。研究结果表明:增施有机肥能显著提高下部和中部烟叶产量,增幅分别为40.5%~61.0%和17.7%~33.2%,以黄腐酸和鱼骨粉处理增产效果较好;而仅黄腐酸和鱼骨粉处理对上部叶有显著的增产作用,能分别增产19.6%和38.8%。增施有机肥能显著提高烟叶的产量和产值,提高上等烟和中上等烟比例;产量和产值以鱼骨粉处理效果最显著,上等烟比例以菜籽饼处理最高,中上等烟比例以花生饼处理最高,总的经济效益以鱼骨粉处理最好。增施有机肥能显著提高烟叶养分含量和养分积累量,烟叶的氮、磷、钾总积累量表现为鱼骨粉处理(105.76 kg/hm^(2))>黄腐酸处理(102.27 kg/hm^(2))>花生饼处理(90.23 kg/hm^(2))>菜籽饼处理(87.22 kg/hm^(2))>不施有机肥处理(64.76 kg/hm^(2))。对于烟叶的化学成分,增施有机肥各处理均能提高烟叶的烟碱、总氮、还原糖、总糖、钾含量,降低氯含量,平衡烟叶的氮碱比(总氮/烟碱)、钾氯比和两糖比(还原糖/总糖),以鱼骨粉处理各部位烟叶化学成分最为协调,其次是黄腐酸、菜籽饼处理。鱼骨粉处理还能增加烟叶颜色的均匀性,消除颗粒物,提高烟叶的外观质量。综合以上分析,试验条件下对于茄衣烟叶宜施用无机肥配施鱼骨粉1500 kg/hm^(2)。In order to explore the suitable types of organic fertilizer in the main production area of Danjiangkou cigar tobacco leaves,four kinds of organic fertilizers,namely fulvic acid,fish bone meal,peanut cake and rapeseed cake,were selected for field experiments to study their effects on nutrient uptake,yield and quality of cigar wrapper tobacco leaves.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of tobacco leaves in the lower and middle parts,with the increase rates of 40.5%-61.0%and 17.7%-33.2%,respectively,and the effects of fulvic acid and fish bone meal treatments were better.However,only fulvic acid and fish bone meal treatments significantly increased the yield of upper leaves by 19.6%and 38.8%,respectively.The addition of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the yield and output value of tobacco leaves,and increase the proportion of top grade tobacco and the proportion of middle and top grade tobacco.The treatment of fish bone meal had the most significant effect on yield and output value.The proportion of top grade tobacco was the highest in rapeseed cake treatment,and the proportion of middle and top grade tobacco was the highest in peanut cake treatment.The best overall economic benefit occurred in fish bone meal treatment.The organic fertilizer application significantly increased the nutrient content and nutrient accumulation of tobacco leaves.The total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in tobacco leaves of different treatments showed as fish bone meal treatment(105.76 kg/hm^(2))>fulvic acid treatment(102.27 kg/hm^(2))>peanut cake treatment(90.23 kg/hm^(2))>rapeseed cake treatment(87.22 kg/hm^(2))>treatment without applying organic fertilizer(64.76 kg/hm^(2)).As for the chemical composition of tobacco leaves,the addition of organic fertilizer can increase the nicotine,total nitrogen,reducing sugar,total sugar and potassium content of tobacco leaves,reduce the chlorine content,balance the nitrogen to alkali ratio(total nitrogen/nic

关 键 词：有机肥 雪茄茄衣烟叶 鱼骨粉 产量 养分吸收 品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]