专门立法进程下公益诉讼发展进路的系统检视  

Systemic Inspection on Developing Path of Public Inter est Litigation from the Perspective of Stand-alone Legislation

作　　者：丁宝同[1] DING Baotong

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第3期40-55,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社科规划重点项目“习近平法治思想下生态环境损害赔偿诉讼研究”(项目编号:22SKGH003)的研究成果。

摘　　要：我国公益诉讼的创制自始预设“公益维护”价值目标,其十多年显性发展历程包含四个“逻辑阶段”;德国团体诉讼的演进动力源于“公益属性”二阶进化,其百余年显性历程塑造立体化制度架构。制度功能的契合使未曾交集的两者暗含逻辑共性,发展进路的差异使这种共性呈现“片段化”特征。“超激进实用主义”进路之下,检察行政公益诉讼创制由司法引领,立法和配套解释同步以确保制度不断齐备,从而迅速定型;民事公益诉讼创制却由立法先导,“超简化”立法未能确保“给付之诉”完整创设以持续其司法展开进程,陷入发展进路危机。未来,应立足党的二十大报告关于“完善公益诉讼制度”的明确要求,依托已纳入《十四届全国人大常委会立法规划》一类项目之《检察公益诉讼法》(《公益诉讼法》一并考虑)立法进程,统合公益诉讼零散的制度规则。为此,检察行政公益诉讼固可安享“超激进实用主义”进路的红利,民事公益诉讼却须系统调适发展进路。The public interest litigation of China has preset the value objective of"public interest maintenance"since its initiation and development,and its more than ten years'dominant course includes four"logic stages".The class action of Germany enjoys the evolving impetus which comes from the second-order evolution of"the nature of public interest",and its more than one hundred years'dominant course has shaped a three-dimensional institutional structure.The match of institutional function makes the uncrossed two enjoying logic commonness implicitly and the differences in the development path make such commonness show the characteristic of"being segmental".According to the approach of"ultra-radical pragmatism",the procuratorial administrative public interest litigation has been initiated under the guiding of the judicature and with simultaneous development of legislation and supporting interpretations to ensure the completeness of the institutional elements,thus fell into a pattern quickly.The civil public interest litigation has been initiated under the leading of legislation,but the"super simplified"legislation fails to ensure the complete creation of"action of performance",thus it continues its judicial development process and falls into a crisis of development approach.In the future,it is imperative to follow the clear requirements about"improving public interest litigation system"in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC,and rely on the legislative progress of Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Law(taking Public Interest Litigation Law into consideration)as Class-A project in Legislative Plan of the 14th NPC,and compile scattered institutional rules on public interest litigation.Therefore,although the procuratorial administrative public interest litigation can enjoy the benefit of the development approach of"ultra-radical pragmatism,the civil public interest litigation must adjust its development approach systematically.

关 键 词：检察公益诉讼法 公益诉讼 团体诉讼 程序统合 

分 类 号：DF7[政治法律—诉讼法学]