永磁约束二极管阳极管头轰击现象研究  

Bombardment Mark on the Anode Head of Diode Under Permanent Magnetic Field

作　　者：谭维兵[1] 李小泽[1] 李爽[1] 杨德文 王东阳[1] 朱晓欣[1] TAN Weibing;LI Xiaoze;LI Shuang;YANG Dewen;WANG Dongyang;ZHU Xiaoxin(Key Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi’an 710024,China)

机构地区：[1]先进高功率微波技术重点实验室、西北核技术研究所,西安710024

出　　处：《现代应用物理》2023年第4期162-167,共6页Modern Applied Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12175182)。

摘　　要：针对永磁磁场约束下的二极管中阳极管头处出现的螺旋状轰击痕迹现象,理论研究了电子在轴向引导磁场约束下的空间运动轨迹,指出空间运动轨迹是大回旋运动与小回旋运动的合成。通过进一步3维粒子运动模拟验证了粒子运动过程,并给出了不同轴向位置处发射电子在阳极管头落点的模拟结果。模拟结果表明,由于空间角向运动位移不同,不同轴向位置发射的电子会落在阳极管头不同角向位置处,落点呈螺旋状分布。同时开展了相应的实验研究,比较不同位置处天鹅绒阴极发射对阳极轰击的痕迹。实验结果表明,阴极引杆及阴极底座的联合发射电子在永磁场的约束下轰击阳极管头形成了螺旋状轰击。通过分析,排除了H-离子及其他负离子轰击阳极管头的可能性。In this paper,the spiral bombardment mark on the anode head of diode under the constraint of permanent magnetic field are studied.The spatial motion trajectory of electrons under axial guided magnetic field is studied by theoretical research,3D particle simulation,and experiments.It is pointed out that the spatial motion trajectory is a combination of large cyclotron motion and small cyclotron motion.The particle motion process is verified by the further 3D particle simulation.The simulation results show that the electron emission from different axial positions on the surface of cathode will fall at different angular positions of the anode head due to the different displacement of the spatial angular motion.At the same time,corresponding experimental studies are carried out to compare the traces of velvet cathode emission on anode bombardment at different positions.The experimental results show that the combined emission electrons from the cathode rod and cathode holder form a spiral bombardment mark on the anode head of diode under the constraint of a permanent magnetic field.Through analysis,the possibility of H-ion as well as other ions bombardment on anode tube head is excluded.

关 键 词：轰击 永磁约束 阳极 二极管 

分 类 号：TN11[电子电信—物理电子学] TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]