4~12岁孤独症谱系障碍患儿社会生活能力特征及其相关性研究  

A Study on Characteristics and Correlation of Social Life Skills of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Aged 4~12 Years

作　　者：姜小娟 梁宇 温慧玲 凡伟 郭碧华 莫慧贞 谭俊杰 吴文华 JIANG Xiao-juan;LIANG Yu;WEN Hui-ling;FAN Wei;GUO Bi-hua;MO Hui-zhen;TAN Jun-jie;WU Wen-hua(Qingyuan Disabled Persons Rehabilitation Center,Qingyuan,Guangdong 511500;Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Qingyuan City,Qingyuan,Guangdong 511500)

机构地区：[1]清远市残疾人康复中心,广东清远511500 [2]清远市妇幼保健院,广东清远511500

出　　处：《中医康复》2024年第4期22-25,共4页Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation

基　　金：广东省清远市科技计划项目(221025227687333);广东省医学科研基金(A2022119、A2022128);广东省中医药局科研项目(20231407)。

摘　　要：目的:了解4~12岁孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿社会生活能力的现状、特征及其与社交障碍严重程度的相关性。方法:采用社交反应量表(SRS)评价患儿的社交障碍严重程度,应用婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表对202例4~12岁的ASD患儿的照顾者进行调查,并通过χ^(2)检验、非参数检验、单因素方差分析等,确定不同年龄、性别、社交障碍严重程度的ASD患儿社会生活能力状况和特征。结果:202例ASD患儿中,社会生活能力边缘以上(≥9)者占70例(34.7%),社会生活能力低下(<9)者132例(65.3%);社会生活能力低下组社交障碍显著重于社会生活能力边缘以上组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ASD患儿社会生活能力不同年龄组别间相比较情况,在独立生活、运动、作业、交往、集体活动、自我管理及总分得分方面,6Y1M~9Y组和9Y1M~12Y组均显著高于4~6Y组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在标准分方面,6Y1M~9Y组与4~6Y组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);9Y1M~12Y与4~6Y组相比,差异虽有统计学意义(P<0.05),但患儿社会生活能力仍在轻至中度缺陷之间。ASD患儿社会生活能力在不同社交障碍程度组别间相比较情况,在独立生活、运动、作业、交往、集体活动、自我管理及总分得分方面,社交障碍中度组显著低于轻微组,重度组显著低于中度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在标准分方面,社交障碍中度组与轻微组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);社交障碍重度组与轻微组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SRS得分与其标准分呈负相关(r=-0.692,P=0.000)。结论:65.3%的4~12岁ASD患儿存在明显的社会生活能力缺陷;随着年龄增大ASD患儿社会生活能力有所改善,但无质的改变;ASD患儿的社会生活能力缺陷程度与性别和社交障碍程度有关,女性及社交障碍严重者往往社会生活能力缺陷较为严重。Objective:To understand the current status,characteristics,and correlation with social life ability in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)aged 4 to 12 year-old.Methods:The Social Response Scale(SRS)was used to evaluate the social severity of children with ASD.A survey was conducted on 202 children aged 4~12 year-old and their parents using the Chinese norm Infant Middle School Student Social Life Ability Scale.The social life ability status of children with ASD was determined by χ^(2) test,nonparametric test,one-way ANOVA,with different genders,ages,and social severity.Results:Among the 202 ASD patients,70 cases(34.7%)had a marginal social life ability(≥9),and 132 cases(65.3%)had a low social life ability(<9);The social disorder in the group with low social living ability was significantly more severe than that in the group with social living ability above the edge,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The comparison of social life ability among different age groups of ASD patients showed that the 6Y1M~9Y group and 9Y1M~12Y group were significantly higher than the 4~6Y group in terms of independent living,exercise,homework,communication,collective activities,self-management,and total score,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);However,in terms of standard scores,there was no statistically significant difference between the 6Y1M~9Y group and the 4~6 Y group(P>0.05);Although the difference between the 9Y1M~12Y group and the 4~6 Y group was statistically significant(P<0.05),the social life ability of the children was still between mild to moderate defects.The social life ability of children with ASD was compared among different groups with different levels of social impairment.In terms of independent living,exercise,homework,communication,collective activities,self~management,and total score,the moderate low social impairment group was significantly lower than the mild group,and the severe group was significantly lower than the moderate group,with significant differen

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 年龄 社会生活能力 照顾者 相关性 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]