2021年北京市房山区在校中学生高血压相关因素分析  

Influencing factors of hypertension among middle school students in Fangshan of Beijing in 2021

作　　者：孟毅 李嘉佳[2] 张玲 张雨[2] 杨凡 MENG Yi;LI Jiajia;ZHANG Ling;ZHANG Yu;YANG Fan(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069 [2]北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心,北京102488

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第2期192-198,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(项目编号:2020-3-7071)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市房山区11~18岁在校中学生高血压流行状况及影响因素,为有针对性预防青少年高血压提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北京市房山区20个乡镇、8个街道共17所中学学校,各年级以整班为单位的全部11~18岁学生,于2021年1至4月进行血压监测、体格检查及关于“房山区在校中学生高血压相关危险因素”的问卷调查,采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果8119名研究对象中,男生4187人(51.6%),女生3932人(48.4%),平均年龄(14.7±1.8)岁。高血压总体检出率为3.2%,男生4.5%,女生1.8%,男生高于女生(χ~2=49.744,P<0.001)。分性别多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生以初一年级为参照,初三(OR=2.775,95%CI:1.612~4.776)、高一(OR=2.414,95%CI:1.397~4.172)、高二(OR=2.967,95%CI:1.722~5.111)、高三(OR=2.654,95%CI:1.413~4.987)的高血压检出率均高于初一年级;以非腹型肥胖、从不食用豆腐乳为参照,腹型肥胖(OR=6.710,95%CI:4.553~9.891)、每天食用豆腐乳(OR=2.612,95%CI:1.470~4.640)的检出率较高。女生以非独生子女、睡眠充足、非腹型肥胖、从不食用豆腐乳为参照,独生子女(OR=2.117,95%CI:1.225~3.661)、睡眠不足(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.038~3.025)、腹型肥胖(OR=7.740,95%CI:4.405~13.600)、每天食用豆腐乳制品(OR=3.186,95%CI:1.057~9.601)高血压检出率较高。结论北京市房山区11~18岁在校中学生不同性别出现高血压的影响因素有所不同,应重视针对男女生个体水平差异采取相应措施,降低青少年发生高血压的风险。Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among school adolescents aged 11-18 years in different gender in Fangshan of Beijing,to provide basis for targeted prevention of adolescent hypertension.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 17 schools from 20 towns and 8 streets in Fangshan of Beijing.All students aged 11 to 18 years in the target class of each grade were selected.From January to April,2021,blood pressure monitoring,physical examination and questionnaire survey regarding“Risk factors related to hypertension among middle school students in Fangshan District”were conducted to investigate the risk factors of hypertension in different gender.Results Among 8119subjects,there were 4187 boys(51.6%)and 3932 girls(48.4%),with an average age of(14.7±1.8)yearsold.The overall detection rate of hypertension was 3.2%.The detection rate of hypertension in boys was higher than that in girls(4.5%vs 1.8%,χ~2=49.744,P<0.001).In boys,the detection rate of hypertension in junior three(OR=2.775,95%CI:1.612-4.776),senior one(OR=2.414,95%CI:1.397-4.172),senior two(OR=2.967,95%CI:1.722-5.111),senior three(OR=2.654,95%CI:1.413-4.987)was higher compared with that in the junior one.Abdominal obesity(OR=6.710,95%CI:4.553-9.891)and daily consumption of fermented bean curd(OR=2.612,95%CI:1.470-4.640)were associated with increased risk of hypertension.One-child(OR=2.117,95%CI:1.225-3.661),insufficient sleep(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.038-3.025),abdominal obesity(OR=7.740,95%CI:4.405-13.600),daily consumption of fermented bean curd(OR=3.186,95%CI:1.057-9.601)were related to hypertension in girls.Conclusions Influencing factors of hypertension in different gender vary among the middle school students in Fangshan of Beijing.We should pay attention to the individual level differences between boys and girls aiming to take corresponding measures to reduce the risk of hypertension in adolescents.

关 键 词：性别 青少年 高血压 影响因素 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]