叙事的“心理模型”:论戴维·赫尔曼的“故事世界”叙事理论  

The “Mental Models” of Narratives:On David Herman's Narrative Theory of “Storyworld”

作　　者：尚广辉 SHANG Guanghui

机构地区：[1]嘉兴学院外国语学院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第3期71-81,共11页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代西方叙事学前沿理论的翻译与研究”(17ZDA281)。

摘　　要：“故事世界”理论是戴维·赫尔曼认知叙事学的核心内容,建立在“文本世界”与“可然世界”等认知语言学和叙事学理论基础之上,以接受者的文本认知机制为研究对象,涉及故事世界构建与故事世界阐释,指向接受者对叙事内容进行心理表征和意义阐释的过程和策略,包括书面叙事、多模态叙事、对话交流等文本唤起的世界。故事世界通过理论探索接受者参照交流情境、现实世界经验和认知框架及具体的“文本线索”等构建叙事的“心理模型”的阅读或交流过程,旨在揭示接受者如何基于文本再现的人类经验阐释人物的行动动机与情感反应,以及“叙事序列”的文化意义等。本文从故事世界的界定、构建方法与阐释等三个方面阐述赫尔曼的故事世界理论,在此基础上,尝试提出故事世界理论对叙事学研究的价值与意义,以及故事世界理论存在的问题,以期启发学者对故事世界理论研究与批评实践进行更加深入的探索。The theory of “storyworld”, an integral part of David Herman's cognitive narratology, takes “Text Worlds” and “Possible Worlds” as its theoretical basis and recipients' textual cognitive mechanism as its object of study. It deals with storyworld building and storyworld interpretation, which means the way and the process in which recipients construct the mental models of narratives and interpret their meanings. It involves the worlds evoked by written, multi-modal and spoken narrative texts. It explores the way recipients construct the mental models of narratives by referring to communicative situations, real-word experiences and cognitive frames, and specific “textual cues”, aiming to reveal how recipients interpret characters' motivations and emotional reactions, and the cultural meanings of “narrative sequences”. This paper examines Herman's theory of storyworld from three aspects: the definition of storyworld, the ways of storyworld building, and the interpretation of storyworld and proposes the value of and the deficiencies in the theory, attempting to inspire scholars to attach more importance to its theoretical study and critical practice.

关 键 词：故事世界 认知叙事学 构建 阐释 心理模型 

分 类 号：I04[文学—文学理论]