土家语的否定词及否定范畴  

Negative Words and Negative Expressions in Tujia(土家)Language

作　　者：田洋 TIAN Yang(The College of Chinese Language and Literature,Hunan University,Changsha Hunan 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学中国语言文学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第1期120-126,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“湖南及周边省区汉语虚词时空立体研究及数据库建设”(21&ZD291)。

摘　　要：土家语有着丰富的否定词,绝大多数都有形态变化。基本否定词有“ta^(55)没/不”“tha^(55)不/别”“thai^(35)没有”3个,“ta^(55)”“tha55”是否定副词,“ta^(55)”用于客观陈述,限于指过去和现在;“tha^(55)”用于主观意愿,可以指过去、现在和将来;“thai^(35)”是否定动词,是对“■i■^(35)有”的否定。土家语否定词所否定的范围均在否定词之前,否定副词和否定助动词的独立性较差,在句中的位置固定,否定焦点的表达依赖于语境。土家语的否定式属于V/A+AN和AF+V/A语序类型。Tujia(土家)language has abundant negative words,most of which have morphological changes.There are three basic negatives:ta^(55)没/不、tha^(55)不/别、thai^(35)没有,“ta^(55)”is a negative adverb and it is used for objective statement,which is limited to the past and the present;and“tha??”is used for subjective will,which can refer to the past,the present and the future;“thai^(35)”is a negative verb,which denies“■i■^(35)有”.The negative scope of the negative words in Tujia(土家)language is before the negative words.Negative adverbs and negative auxiliary verbs have poor independence,and their positions are fixed in sentences.The expression of negative focus depends on the context.The negative forms of Tasha(他砂)Tujia(土家)language belong to the V/A+AN and A F+V/A word order types.

关 键 词：土家语 否定词 语义 句法特点 

分 类 号：H273[语言文字—少数民族语言]