间接犯罪附随后果制度:利弊、适用原则及其规范路径  

The System of Indirect Collateral Consequences of Crime:Advantages and Disadvantages,Applicable Principle and Regulation Path

作　　者：彭文华 Peng Wenhua

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院刑事司法学院,上海201602

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第1期154-172,共19页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“犯罪附随后果研究”(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202210-01);上海高校东方学者(特聘教授)岗位计划项目“法律规范体系”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：间接犯罪附随后果是指刑法之外的法律法规、规章等规定的,对有犯罪前科者的关系人适用的,对特定的权利和资质的限制、禁止或者剥夺。我国目前的间接犯罪附随后果制度与封建时期的“株连”制度有本质不同。间接犯罪附随后果的表现形式多种多样且具有其独特的实用性,在适用时需要以权利保护原则、合理性原则和平衡性原则为指导。由于间接犯罪附随后果制度适用于犯罪者之外的第三人,因而原则上应当禁止适用,只有在基于保护公共安全等重大法益时才可以考虑适用。对于政审制度所涉间接犯罪附随后果制度,应当限制关系人范畴及其犯罪类型并规定相应的适用条件和期限,对入学政审适用间接犯罪附随后果制度的应予禁止,对其他间接犯罪附随后果制度适用应当加以差别化规制。对将要加入特殊组织或者取得特殊资质并因此获得特殊身份的群体,适用间接犯罪附随后果制度有其正当性。The incidental collateral consequences of crime refer to the restriction,prohibition or deprivation of specific rights and qualifications provided for by laws,regulations and rules other than criminal law and applied to the special relation of the criminal offender.The system of in dental collateral consequences of crime in modern China is fundamentally different from the system of“linkage”in the feudal period.Indirect crime has various forms of expression and unique practicability,which should be guided by the principle of right protection,rationality and balance when applied.Since the system of incidental collateral consequences of crimes applies to third parties other than the perpetrator,it should be prohibited in principle,and can only be considered when it is based on important legal interests such as protecting public security.For the system of incidental collateral consequences of crimes involved in the political examination system,the scope of related persons and the types of crimes should be limited and the corresponding conditions and deadlines should be stipulated.The application of the system of indirect collateral consequences of crimes in the political examination of school enrolment should be prohibited,and the system of incidental collateral consequences applied to other indirect crimes should be regulated differently.For those who are going to join special organizations or obtain special qualifications and thus obtain special status,it is reasonable to prescribe the system of incidental collateral consequences of crimes.

关 键 词：犯罪附随后果 间接犯罪附随后果 犯罪人 关系人 罪责自负 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]