双重环境目标约束下的产业转型升级:“减污降碳”何以“协同增效”  

Industrial transformation and upgrading under the constraints of dual environmentalobjectives: how pollution control and carbon reduction are synergistic

作　　者：岳利萍[1,2] 杨欣怡 YUE Liping;YANG Xinyi(School of Economics and Management,Northwest University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710127,China;Research Institute of Western China Economic Development,Northwest University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710127 [2]西北大学中国西部经济发展研究中心,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第1期46-58,共13页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学重大招标项目“西部地区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的路径及政策研究”(批准号:21ZDA063);陕西省社会科学基金项目“关中平原城市群大气污染协同治理的机制与路径研究”(批准号:2023D001);西北大学研究生创新项目“减污降碳协同推动产业转型升级的政策效应研究”(批准号:CX2023165)。

摘　　要：在全面推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化进程中,处理好多目标环境规制政策的协同性是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要工作。面对建设美丽中国与实现“双碳”目标两大战略任务,环境政策协同是否可以更加有效推动产业转型升级,现有研究尚无确定答案。因此,该研究利用“两控区”和低碳城市试点政策作为环境政策协同的准自然实验,将有为政府与有效市场纳入统一分析框架,利用2003—2020年中国282个地级及以上城市面板数据,通过构建双重差分模型,研究减污降碳双重环境目标约束对地区产业转型升级的影响。研究表明:①与单一环境规制相比,减污降碳协同推进地区产业转型升级效果更佳,这一结论在一系列稳健性检验中均成立。②机制分析发现,在双重环境目标约束下,有为政府通过财政支出调节效应推动地区产业转型升级;有效市场激励微观企业产生易地搬迁效应和创新补偿效应,从而实现地区产业转型升级。③进一步研究发现,减污降碳双重环境目标推动产业转型升级具有明显的异质性,双重试点政策对东部地区、非老工业基地、高环保意识地区、环境基础设施水平高的地区产业转型升级的作用更加显著。基于此提出:①地方政府应统筹全局,避免走偏、盲目上马“两高”项目;②充分发挥财政的支柱作用,吸引和带动更多社会资金流入绿色低碳行业;③根据各地实际将国家减污降碳目标分解落实,探索可推广、可复制的经验和样板;④加大创新激励力度,鼓励低碳技术与低污染排放治理技术协同创新;⑤因地制宜实施差别化的政策,推进各区域要素禀赋深度融合,充分发挥减污降碳协同优势。In the process of pursuing a Chinese path to modernization that advocates the promotion of harmony between humanity and nature,dealing with the synergy of multi-target environmental regulation policies is an important task towards the modernization of Chi⁃na's governance system and capacity.In this context,can synergistic environmental policies more effectively promote industrial transfor⁃mation and upgrading when facing the two strategic tasks of building a beautiful China and achieving the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality?Existing research has no answer to this question.This study used the policy of establishing‘acid rain and SO2 pollution control zones’and the low-carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment of environmental policy synergy and combined the influences of the effective government and the efficient market within a unified analytical framework.Using the panel da⁃ta of 282 prefecture level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2020,this study used the difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of the constraints of the dual environmental objectives,i.e.,pollution control and carbon reduction,on the transformation and upgrading of regional industries.The results showed that:①Comparing with a single environmental regulation,the synergistic effects of the pollution control and carbon reduction policies were better at promoting regional industrial transformation and upgrading,and the conclusion consistently held through a series of robustness tests.②The mechanism analysis showed that under the dual environmental objectives,the effective government could stimulate regional industrial transformation and upgrading via the regulatory effect of fiscal expenditure.Simultaneously,the efficient market could motivate micro-enterprises to generate relocation and innovative compensatory effects to realize the transformation and upgrading of regional industries.Further research revealed distinct heterogeneity in the transfor⁃mation and upgrading of

关 键 词：减污降碳 产业转型升级 协同增效 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]