食药两用物质天麻、灵芝的外源性污染物分析  

Analysis of Exogenous Pollutants in Gastrodia elata B1.and Ganoderma lucidum of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Substances

作　　者：黄小兰 谭春蓉 朱德文 易良键 郑容 HUANG Xiao-lan;TAN Chun-rong;ZHU De-wen;YI Liang-jian;ZHENG Rong(Chongqing Key Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Chongqing Wanzhou Food and Drug Inspection Institute,Chongqing 404100,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市万州食品药品检验所、三峡库区道地药材开发利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆404100

出　　处：《化学试剂》2024年第3期73-80,共8页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：三峡库区道地药材开发利用重庆市重点实验室项目(Sys20210028)。

摘　　要：测定食药两用物质天麻、灵芝的外源性污染物,进行安全性风险评估。采用酸碱滴定法测定二氧化硫残留量,微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定7种重金属铬、铜、砷、镉、铅、汞和钡含量,气相色谱质谱联用法测定44种农药残留量,并利用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价重金属污染情况。15批天麻样品中二氧化硫检出率100%,超标率100%,25批灵芝样品检出率12%,无超标现象。天麻和灵芝中重金属含量按中药材属性判定时,合格率100%,按食品属性参照国家安全食品标准判定时,15批天麻中Cr超标11批,25批灵芝样品中Pb超标1批,As超标2批,Cr超标14批;内梅罗综合污染指数显示,天麻和灵芝中轻度以上污染率为73%和40%。灵芝中共检出毒死蜱、联苯菊酯和百菌清3种农药,均符合相关限量要求,天麻样品未检出农药。天麻和灵芝均存在外源性污染风险,天麻中二氧化硫和重金属超标,灵芝有农药超标的风险,研究可为食药两用类物质开展安全性风险评估及制定限量标准提供参考和依据。The exogenous pollutants in Gastrodia elata B1.and Ganoderma lucidum were determined for security risk assessment.The residues of sulfur dioxide were determined by acid-base titration method.Chromium,copper,arsenic,cadmium,lead,mercury and barium were determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and evaluated by Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method.44 kinds of pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The sulfur dioxide detection rate of 15 batches of Gastrodia elata B1.samples were 100%,resulting in an excess rate of 100%.The detection rate of 25 batches of Ganoderma lucidum samples was 12%,therefore showing no exceedance phenomenon.When Gastrodia elata B1.and Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated according to the standard of Chinese medicinal materials,the qualified rate of heavy metals was 100%.If they were determined according to food standards,15 batches of Gastrodia elata B1.exceeded Cr 11 batches,25 batches of Ganoderma lucidum samples exceeded Pb 1 batch,As exceeded 2 batches,and Cr exceeded 14 batches.Nemero comprehensive pollution index shows that Gastrodia elata B1.and Ganoderma lucidum have mild pollution rates of 73%and 40%,respectively.Chlorpyrifos,bifenthrin,and chlorothalonil were detected in Ganoderma lucidum,all of which met the relevant limit requirements,and no pesticides were detected in Gastrodia elata B1.Gastrodia elata B1.and Ganoderma lucidum both have exogenous pollution risks,the sulfur dioxide residue,and heavy metals in Gastrodia elata B1.exceed the standard,and the risk of pesticides exceeding the standard exists in Ganoderma lucidum.This study can provide a reference and basis for the safety risk assessment and the formulation of the limit standard of drug and food homologous substances.

关 键 词：天麻 灵芝 二氧化硫残留量 重金属 农药残留量 电感耦合等离子体质谱 气相色谱质谱联用 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]