400km/h高铁隧道出入口缓冲结构开口率对微压波影响研究  

Study on the effect of buffer structure opening rate on micro-pressure wave at the exit and entrance of 400 km/h high-speed railway tunnel

作　　者：孙浩程 王英学[1] 古理全 张子为 马伟斌[2] SUN Haocheng;WANG Yingxue;GU Liquan;ZHANG Ziwei;MA Weibin(Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通隧道工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第2期433-443,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51778539);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2021G053)。

摘　　要：随着高速列车运行时速的提升,车-隧气动效应加剧、微压波超限问题愈发严重。以往研究表明,隧道洞口设置缓冲结构是解决微压波问题的有效手段之一,但是随着隧道长度增加、列车时速提升,仅以入口缓冲结构作为标准的设计方法存在一定局限性。并且国内外的研究重点更多集中在入口缓冲结构,对出口缓冲结构及隧道出入口均设置缓冲结构的设计方法研究相对较少。针对这一问题,利用控制容积法分析出口开口式缓冲结构的关键影响参数。基于LES湍流模型和动网格技术建立三维数值仿真模型,对关键参数的正确性做出验证。分析隧道出入口对称、非对称设置缓冲结构对微压波特性的影响,提出适用于单线和双线隧道的洞口开口式缓冲结构的设计方法。研究结果表明:1)隧道出口缓冲结构开口率是影响出口缓冲结构对微压波压力缓解效率的关键参数,开口率越大,微压波压力最大值越低;2)隧道入口以压力梯度为控制标准设置最优缓冲结构、隧道出口提高缓冲结构开口率的形式,在单线隧道缓冲结构设计中对微压波有更高的缓解率,出口缓冲结构开口率越大,对微压波压力缓解效率越高;3)双线隧道洞口开口式缓冲结构设计时,应当增加其总开口率,同时选择小面积、多个数的开口形式并在隧道出入口对称设置。As the speed of high-speed trains increases,the issue of increased train-tunnel aerodynamic effects and micro-pressure waves exceeding the limits becomes increasingly serious.Previous studies have shown that the installation of buffer structures at tunnel openings is one of the effective means of solving the problem of micropressure waves.However,as tunnel lengths increase and train speeds rise,a design approach that solely relies on the entrance buffer structure becomes limited.In addition,both domestic and international research has focused more on entrance buffer structures and less on the design of exit buffer structures and buffer structures at both entrances and exits of tunnels.To address this issue,the key influencing parameters of the open exit buffer structure were analyzed using the controlled volume method.A three-dimensional numerical simulation model based on the LES turbulence model and dynamic grid technology was developed to verify the correctness of key parameters.The effect of symmetrical and asymmetrical buffer structures at tunnel entrances and exits on the characteristics of micro-pressure waves was also analyzed,and a design method for open-ended buffer structures suitable for single and double-line tunnels was proposed.The results show that:1)The opening ratio of the tunnel exit buffer structure is a key parameter affecting the efficiency of the exit buffer structure in relieving microwave pressure,the larger the opening ratio,the lower the maximum microwave pressure;2)The optimal buffer structure at the entrance of the tunnel is controlled by the pressure gradient,and the opening rate of the buffer structure at the exit of the tunnel is increased,resulting in a higher relief rate for micro-pressure waves in a singleline tunnel buffer structure design;3)The design of open-ended buffer structures in double-line tunnel should increase the total opening ratio and choose small,multiple openings with symmetrical entrances and exits.

关 键 词：400km/h高速铁路隧道 出口缓冲结构 微压波 控制容积法 出入口缓冲结构设计 

分 类 号：U25[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]