面向航天器自主维护的空间机器人发展战略研究  

Development Strategy of Space Robots for Autonomous Repair and Maintenance of Spacecraft

作　　者：赵亮亮[1] 李雪皑 赵京东[1] 刘宏[1] Zhao Liangliang;Li Xueai;Zhao Jingdong;Liu Hong(State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学机器人技术与系统全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150006

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第1期149-159,共11页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(T2388101、92148203,52305017);中国工程院咨询项目“我国空间机器人在轨建造发展战略研究”(2022-XY-30)。

摘　　要：空间机器人能够适应空间极端环境,突破人类太空探索的极限,极大地提高空间操控的安全性和经济性,是提升空间科学技术水平的核心装备,可为航天事业发展提供重要支撑和有力保障。本文详细阐述了发展航天器自主维护空间机器人技术对于推动我国航天强国建设、促进国防科技发展以及引领变革性技术创新等方面的重大价值;从政策、技术、市场等角度,分析了国内外空间机器人的发展现状及趋势;剖析了目前我国航天器自主维护空间机器人的技术挑战与面临问题;基于国家重大战略需求、研究基础及发展方向,论证了面向航天器自主维护空间机器人的发展体系和突破路径。研究建议:加快科技创新2030—在轨服务重大专项实施,加大空间机器人智能操控基础研究支持力度,加速构建政府-企业-高校协同发展创新机制,加强空间机器人国际合作、引进国际高端人才。Space robots can adapt to the extreme environment of space,break through the limits of human space exploration,and greatly improve the safety and economy of space operation and control.Moreover,space robots are the core equipment to improve the level of space science and technology,providing important support and a strong guarantee for promoting space industry development.This study elaborates on the great values of developing space robot technology for the autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft,which include promoting the construction of strengthening China’s space powerindustry,promoting the development of national defense science and technology,and leading transformative scientific and technological innovation.The progress and development trends of domestic and foreign space robotics technologies in China and abroad are analyzed from the policy,technology,and market perspectives.In addition,technical challenges and problems faced by China are dissected toward the autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft.The development system and breakthrough path of China’s space robot technologies for autonomous repair and maintenance of spacecraft are demonstrated based on major national strategic needs,research foundation,and development directions.Furthermore,the following suggestions are proposed:(1)accelerating the implementation of major special projects for on-orbit services(Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030),(2)increasing support for basic research on intelligent operation and control of space robots,(3)accelerating the construction of a government-enterprise-university collaborative innovation mechanism,and(4)strengthening international cooperation to attract foreign science and technology talents to China.

关 键 词：空间机器人 航天器自主维护 智能操控 太空作业 太空经济 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]