从追踪学生的答题眼动轨迹积累内容效度证据——以高考语文试题为例  

Accumulating Evidence of Content Validity by Tracking the Eye Movements of Students'Answers:A Case Study of Chinese Test in College Entrance Examination

作　　者：余航 Yu Hang(Fujian Hua'an Zhengxing School,Zhangzhou,Fujian,363000)

机构地区：[1]福建省华安正兴学校,福建省漳州市363000

出　　处：《考试研究》2024年第2期52-61,共10页Examinations Research

摘　　要：效度如何得到有效的评估是教育测量中的一个重要问题。为了有效评估中高考等高利害考试的试题效度,以语文学科为例,在学生作答往年试题过程中采用红外线眼动仪,追踪学生审读题目要求和作答的思维轨迹,为学生答题思维过程画像。眼动仪监测答题过程的一系列心理反应数据和后期学生访谈记录生成作答的心理反应样本。将这些数据样本与命题人所期待的测量目标进行对比后发现:有部分试题所希望测量的知识点、能力点与学生实际的心理反应偏差较大。建议依据被试面对不同刺激材料时的眼动轨迹和心理反应的有关数据,建立一个相对完善的试题效度检测系统,从而在试题设计上减少“噪声”;并在日常教学中以被评价者视角增强“评价对焦”。How to evaluate the validity effectively is an important issue in educational measurement.In order to effectively evaluate the validity of high-stake examinations such as high school entrance examination and college entrance examination,taking Chinese subject as an example,the infrared eye tracker was used in the process of students answering the questions in previous years to track the requirements of students'reading questions and the thinking track of students'answering,so as to portray the thinking process of students'answering questions.The eye tracker monitors a series of psychological reaction data in the process of answering questions and later student interview records to generate psychological reaction samples for answering questions.These data samples are compared with the targets expected to be measured by the proposer(taking the college entrance examination Chinese as an example).After comparison,it is found that there is a large deviation between the knowledge points and ability points expected to be measured in some test questions and the actual psychological reaction of students.A relatively perfect testing system for the validity of test questions is established from the relevant data of the subjects'eye movement tracks and psychological reactions when they are faced with different stimulus materials.Based on the study of data samples,the paper puts forward some suggestions for the optimization and improvement of test questions.

关 键 词：眼动轨迹 心理反应 高考语文试题 内容效度 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]