短链脂肪酸对神经系统疾病的影响  

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on neurological diseases

作　　者：孙美莎 章放香 王斌 SUN Meisha;ZHANG Fangxiang;WANG Bin(Institute of Anesthesiology,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550002,China;People’s Hospital of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学麻醉学院,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省人民医院,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《中国实用神经疾病杂志》2024年第2期241-246,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82260376);贵州省科学技术基金项目(编号:黔科合基础[2020]1Y315)。

摘　　要：在过去的十年中,对于肠道微生物调节大脑功能方面的研究迅速增加,已有大量证据表明肠道微生物群与各种神经系统疾病的病理生理学相关,而两者之间的相互作用形成了肠道微生物-大脑轴(肠-脑轴)。因此,肠道微生物可能成为多种代谢性疾病和神经精神疾病当前和新出现的治疗靶点。近年来,人们开始认识到肠道微生物群通过分泌代谢物短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)在大脑发育、认知能力和免疫系统中发挥重要作用。越来越多的研究表明SCFAs是积极影响各种神经系统疾病病理过程的机制基础,其与阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、自闭症谱系障碍、抑郁症和脓毒症相关性脑病等若干疾病的发展相关。然而,目前还需要更进一步的研究来明确SCFAs在神经系统疾病病理生理中的作用机制,本文就肠道菌群代谢物SCFAs对于神经系统疾病的相关影响的研究进展进行综述,为肠道微生物群与中枢神经系统疾病的研究发展提供支持。In the past decade,the research on the regulation of brain function by gut microbiota has increased rapidly,and there is abundant evidence that the gut microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases,and the interaction between the two forms the gut microbiota-brain axis(gut-brain axis).Therefore,the gut microbiota may be a current and emerging therapeutic target for a variety of metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases.It is beginning to be recognized that the gut microbiota plays an important role in brain development,cognitive ability,and the immune system by secreting metabolites short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).A growing number of studies have shown that SCFAs are the mechanistic basis for positively influencing the pathological process of various neurological diseases,which are associated with several diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,autism spectrum disorder,depression and sepsis-associated encephalopathy.However,further research is still needed to clarify the mechanism of SCFAs in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,this article reviews the research progress on the effects of intestinal metabolites short-chain fatty acids on neurological diseases,and provides support for the development of gut microbiota and central nervous system diseases.

关 键 词：肠-脑轴 短链脂肪酸 神经系统疾病 肠道微生物群 阿尔茨海默病 帕金森病 自闭症谱系障碍 抑郁症 脓毒症相关性脑病 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]