杀卵菌剂对葡萄叶际真菌群落多样性的影响  

Effects of dimethomoph on fungal diversity at grape phyllosphere

作　　者：孙家秀 何涛 杜鸿燕 陈吉越 赵静[1] 邓维萍[1] 朱书生[1] 杜飞[1] SUN Jiaxiu;HE Tao;DU Hongyan;CHEN Jiyue;ZHAO Jing;DENG Weiping;ZHU Shusheng;DU Fei(National Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Agricultural Biodiversity,Yunnan Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Control,Ministry of Education,Kunming 650201,China;Research Institute of Tropical Ecological Agriculture,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农业生物多样性应用技术国家工程研究中心,农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,元谋651300

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2023年第6期1167-1179,共13页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860519);云南省农业联合专项(202101BD070001-125);云南省中国工程院云南院士工作站(2018IC063);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目资助(2022Y222)。

摘　　要：为探究不同浓度杀卵菌剂烯酰吗啉对健康及发病葡萄叶际真菌群落多样性的影响,精准高效防控葡萄霜霉病,以及为研发微生物农药提供参考,以‘红地球’葡萄为研究对象,在其生长发育期间喷施低、中、高浓度的烯酰吗啉,并以等量无菌水为对照(CK),基于微生物多样性组学结合生信分析技术研究不同浓度杀卵菌剂对健康及发病葡萄叶际真菌多样性的影响。葡萄样本共获得1588个操作分类单元(OTUs),涵盖10门37纲104目261科552属894种的真菌。健康及发病组中浓度烯酰吗啉处理(DM、DMP)显著增加了葡萄叶际真菌多样性。非度量多维尺度分析结果表明,烯酰吗啉对健康状态下葡萄叶际真菌影响不显著,发病状态下影响显著(P<0.05)。子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为葡萄叶际优势菌门,枝孢属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、尾孢属(Cercospora)等为优势菌属。中浓度烯酰吗啉处理下显著变化菌属数目最多。葡萄叶际真菌主要以腐生、病理以及混合营养模式为主,病理营养型真菌主要由植物病原体组成,当葡萄感染霜霉病并表现为发病后,其他植物病原体的相对丰度降低。For precise and efficient control of downy mildew on grapes,we investigated the effects of the carboxylic acid amide Oomycide dimethomoph at different concentrations on the fungal diversity at healthy and di-seased grape phyllosphere,which might provide a reference for the development of microbial pesticides.Spraying assay of dimethomoph at low,medium and high concentrations on the‘Red Earth’grape variety was conducted during the growth and development with the same amount of sterile water as control(CK).Based on microbial diversity and bioinformatics analysis technology,the diversity of fungi in healthy and diseased grape leaves was analyzed to evaluate the effects of ovicidal agents at different concentrations.A total of 1588 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained for the grape samples,covering 552 genera and 894 species of fungi in 10 phyla,37 orders,104 orders and 261 families.Treatments with moderate concentrations of dimethomoph(DM,DMP)significantly increased phyllosphere fungal diversity in healthy and morbid groups.The results of non-metric multidimensional scale analysis showed that dimethomoph had no significant effect on grape phyllosphere fungi in healthy state,but had significant effect in diseased state(P<0.05).Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant phyllosphere phyla,and Cladosporium,Alternaria,Cercospora are the dominant genera.The number of significantly changed genera was the largest by treatment with moderate concentration of dimethomoph.The phyllosphere fungi of grapes are mainly composed of saprophytic,pathogenic,and mixed trophic patterns.The pathotrophic fungi mainly consist of plant pathogens,and when grapes are infected by downy mildew and show diseased symptom,the relative abundance of other plant pathogens decreases.

关 键 词：烯酰吗啉 葡萄 叶际微生物 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S436.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]