再野化:柏林城市生态空间的实践  

Urban Rewilding:State of the Art of Berlin's Urban Ecological Space Protection

作　　者：薛飞[1] 郎悦曦 曹越[3] 胡书颖 张博文[2] 夏楚瑜 XUE Fei;LANG Yuexi;CAO Yue;HU Shuying;ZHANG Bowen;XIA Chuyu

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城市建设学部城乡规划系 [2]北京工业大学城市建设学部 [3]清华大学建筑学院景观学系

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2023年第6期79-86,共8页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：北京市社科基金青年项目“基于社会多元感知数据的北京中心地区绿色空间评价研究”(项目编号:19SRC011)。

摘　　要：再野化是提高城市生态空间质量和保护城市生物多样性的新兴方法。梳理柏林城市生态空间规划发展历程,发现其具有鲜明的再野化特征。在此基础上,对萨基兰德自然公园、柏林墙绿带和滕珀尔霍夫公园等三个典型再野化案例进行分析,总结了柏林城市再野化实践方法与实现机制。研究发现:二战后柏林城市生态空间以生境调查为基础,并通过生境制图发现了再野化的诸多生态效益;柏林城市再野化采取了以人类行为退出为起点、分区空间为手段、设置留野区为特征的规划方法;科研与学术界引领是柏林再野化实践成功的关键,城市生态提质离不开扎实的生态调研、多方共识和政策机制推动。思考城市再野化的价值,以期通过柏林的城市生态空间发展与再野化实践为我国城市生态空间的质量发展提供新思路。Rewilding has emerged as a pioneering approach to creating high-quality urban ecological spaces and protecting urban biodiversity.This paper reviews the evolution of Berlin's urban ecological space planning,underscoring its distinct characteristics in rewilding.Building on this foundation,the paper analyzes three typical rewilding cases,namely,Nature Park Sidgelande,Green Belt Berlin,and Tempelhofer field,leading to a summary of practical methods and implementation mechanisms of Berlin's urban rewilding practice.Fristly,after World War II,Berlin initiated biotype surveys,identifying the ecological benefits of rewilding through biotype mapping.Secondly,the withdrawal of human activities,zoning,and the designation of rewilding areas are used as three fundamental methods of rewilding.Thirdly,the leadership role played by the academia constitutes the key to Berlin's rewilding success,supplemented by rigorous ecological survey,stakeholder consensus,and effective policy mechanisms.The goal of this paper is to provide fresh ideas for enhancing the quality of urban green spaces in China by demonstrating the value and success of urban rewilding practice.

关 键 词：再野化 城市生态空间 城市生态系统服务 城市生物多样性保护 自然教育 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]