河谷城市空间扩展的生态效应——以兰州市主城区为例  

Ecological effect of urban spatial expansion in river valleys:A case study in the main urban area of Lanzhou City

作　　者：王梓洋 石培基[1,2,3] 石晶 张学斌 刘玥[1,2] WANG Ziyang;SHI Peiji;SHI Jing;ZHANG Xuebin;LIU Yue(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu LandUse and Comprehensive Improvement Engineering Research Center,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of ResourceEnvironment and Sustainable Development of Oasis,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省土地利用与综合整治工程研究中心,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《资源科学》2023年第12期2385-2399,共15页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771130,42101276,42161043);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(22JJD790015)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市空间扩展的生态效应是贯穿城市化过程的关键的人地关系问题,而河谷城市由于扩展空间受限,其生态效应更加复杂,因此多角度探讨典型河谷城市空间扩展所引起的生态效应尤为重要,同时可为相关学者提供较新的视角、思路和方法。【方法】本文以典型河谷城市兰州市主城区为例,通过计算1995、2005、2015和2020年城市空间扩展规模、强度和景观格局指数,以反映1995—2020年兰州市主城区城市空间扩展的时空变化特征,并将研究区分为12184个网格,利用空间主成分分析法、大气辐射传输方程法以及修正的生态系统服务价值测算模型,从多角度分析城市空间扩展的生态风险、热岛和生态系统服务效应,探讨了自然环境条件对河谷城市空间扩展生态效应的影响,并提出了城市可持续发展与生态保护修复对策。【结果】(1)1995—2020年兰州市主城区城市扩展规模和强度呈增长趋势,城市景观破碎化程度降低,城市扩展方向以西部和北部为主,城市扩展模式由组团水平扩展向跳跃式扩展转变。(2)1995—2020年兰州市主城区整体生态风险效应和热岛效应存在减弱趋势,但河谷谷地却有上升趋势,研究期末总体格局呈谷地高、四周低的特征。(3)生态系统服务效应存在微弱提升,主要表现为河谷周边区域生态系统服务价值显著提升,且建成区部分区域由生态系统服务低值区向中值区转变。(4)城市扩展会对区域自然基底产生一定影响,而自然基底也影响着城市扩展的规模、方向与模式,协调两者之间的关系对人类与自然可持续和谐发展至关重要。【结论】从多角度出发构建城市空间扩展的生态效应研究框架,发现在网格尺度上城市空间扩展对生态风险、热岛和生态系统服务效应影响较为显著,并对定量可视化研究城市演变与生态环境之间的动态关系提供了一种新的途�[Objective]The ecological effect of urban spatial expansion is the key problem ofhuman-environment relationship in the process of urbanization.It is of great significance to explorethe complex scientific problem of ecological effect caused by urban spatial expansion frommultiple angles to promote the sustainable and high-quality development of urban and ecologicalspace.[Methods]Taking the main urban area of Lanzhou City in China as an example,this studycalculated the scale,intensity,and landscape pattern indices of urban spatial expansion in 1995,2005,2015,and 2020 to reflect the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of urban spatialexpansion in the city from 1995 to 2020,and divided the research area into 12184 grids.Using thespatial principal component analysis method,atmospheric radiation transfer equation method,andrevised ecosystem service value estimation model,this study analyzed the ecological risk effect,heat island effect,and ecosystem service effect of urban spatial expansion from various angles,anddiscussed the impact of natural environment conditions on the ecological effect of urban spatialexpansion of cities in river valleys.[Results]The results show that from 1995 to 2020,the scaleand intensity of urban expansion in Lanzhou City have increased,the fragmentation of urbanlandscape has decreased,urban expansion has mainly occurred in the western and northern parts ofthe city,and the urban expansion mode has changed from group expansion to leaping expansion.The overall ecological risk effect and heat island effect in the city have shown a weakening trend,but a rising trend was observed in the river valley,and the overall pattern of effects has beencharacterized by high in the valley and low at the peripheries.There is a slight improvement in theecosystem service effect,which mainly shows that the ecosystem service value in the surroundingareas of the river valley has improved significantly,and some areas in the built-up area havechanged from low-value area to medium-value area.Urban expansion negat

关 键 词：城市扩展 生态效应 生态系统服务价值测算模型 河谷城市 兰州市 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]