海口市12所中小学校教学环境卫生现状调查  

Investigation on the Status of Teaching Environment Hygiene in 12 Primary and Secondary Schools in Haikou

作　　者：杨海霞 牛永茂 江祈雨 裴正春[1] 曾小蝶 黄婧 王晓花[1] Yang Haixia;Niu Yongmao;Jiang Qiyu;Pei Zhengchun;Zeng Xiaodie;Huang Jing;Wang Xiaohua(Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Haikou,Hainan,570311,China)

机构地区：[1]海口市疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570311

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2024年第2期93-95,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：海南省卫生健康行业科研项目(21A200350)。

摘　　要：目的:了解海口市中小学校教学环境卫生状况,促进教学卫生条件改善。方法:2021年9月在海口市随机抽取12所中小学校的72间教室,按照《学校卫生综合评价》(GB/T 18205-2012)等标准进行教学环境卫生监测。结果:72间教室的黑板面平均照度合格率最低,仅为1.4%;黑板反射比、课桌面平均照度、教室人均面积合格率分别为19.4%、26.4%和34.7%;课椅分配符合率为53.3%,高于课桌(48.5%);噪声合格率为68.1%;黑板尺寸、黑板面照度均匀度和课桌面照度均匀度合格率较高,分别为70.8%、93.1%和88.9%。市区教室黑板面照度均匀度、课桌面平均照度和课桌面照度均匀度均高于郊区教室,郊区教室课桌和课椅分配符合率均高于市区教室,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为10.746、9.152、5.080、41.932和21.112,P值均<0.05)。结论:海口市抽样学校教室、宿舍、食堂、厕所等硬件设施建设较好,配套比较齐全,但还存在教学环境卫生未达标的情况,黑板面平均照度、黑板反射比、课桌面平均照度、教室人均面积、课桌椅分配符合率等指标合格率较低,应引起相关部门的重视,加强学校卫生标准宣传,改进教学环境卫生,为学生创造良好的学习生活环境。OBJECTIVE To understand the health status of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools in Haikou,and promote the improvement of teaching health conditions.METHODS 72 classrooms in 12 primary and secondary schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling,and the teaching environment health was monitored according to the standard of COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF SCHOOL HEALTH.RESULTS In 72 classrooms,the average illuminance qualified rate of blackboard surface was the lowest,only 1.4%.The qualified rates of blackboard reflection ratio,average illuminance of desk surface and per capita classroom area were 19.4%,26.4%and 34.7%,respectively.The coincidence rate of chair allocation was higher than that of desk allocation(53.3%and 48.5%,respectively).The qualified rate of noise was 68.1%.The qualified rates of blackboard size,blackboard surface illuminance uniformity and desk surface illuminance uniformity were 70.8%,93.1%and 88.9%,respectively.The illuminance uniformity of blackboard surface,average illuminance of desk surface and illuminance uniformity of desk surface in urban areas were higher than those in suburban areas,and the coincidence rate of desk and chair allocation in suburban areas was higher than that in urban areas,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.746,9.152,5.080,41.932,21.112,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The construction of hardware facilities such as classrooms,dormitors,dining halls and toilets in the sampling schools in Haikou is good,but the teaching environment still does not meet the sanitary standards.The average illuminance of the blackboard surface,the reflectivity ratio of the blackboard surface,the average illuminance of the desk surface,the per capita area of the classroom,the coincidence rate of the allocation of desks and chairs and other indicators are low,which should be paid attention to by the relevant departments.It should strengthen the publicity and implementation of school health standards,improve the teaching environment hygiene,and create a good learni

关 键 词：中小学校 教学环境 卫生 调查 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学]