“假洋鬼子”·“里通外国的人”·“秃儿。驴”——也谈《阿Q正传》中的“假洋鬼子”  

“Bogus Foreign Devil”“Traitor in Foreign Pay”“Baldhead!Ass”:“Bogus Foreign Devil”in“The True Story of Ah Q”

作　　者：张全之 金智贤 Zhang Quanzhi;Kim Jihyun

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第12期135-141,195,共8页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“鲁迅原创词汇综合研究与词典编纂”(20AZW021)。

摘　　要：阿Q赋予钱大少爷三个称号:一个是“假洋鬼子”,属于诨名;一个是“里通外国的人”,属于罪名;一个是“秃儿。驴”,属于骂名。但历来研究者只重视第一个称号,对后两个一笔带过或避而不谈。事实上,第二个称号内涵丰富。它是清末“汉奸”话语流布、反洋教运动和义和团运动影响下在民间形成的一个集体想象物,也与阿Q本人的立场和态度有关。骂钱大公子是一个“里通外国的人”,绝不意味着阿Q有一颗爱国心。他对钱大公子的辱骂,只不过是空洞的能指,是搬用的套语,与句子本身的意义相去甚远,与“假洋鬼子”一起构成了一个颇有讽刺意味的表意系统。Ah Q gives Mr.Qian three titles:one is“Bogus Foreign Devil”,a gag;one is“Traitor in Foreign Pay”,a crime;and one is“Baldhead!Ass”,a curse.But historically,researchers only pay attention to the first title,the last two brush off or avoid talking about.In fact,the second title has rich connotations.It is a collective imaginary formed in the folklore under the influence of“traitor”discourse,anti-foreigner movement and Boxer Rebellion at the end of the Qing Dynasty,and it is also related to the position and attitude of Ah Q himself.Calling Mr.Qian a“Traitor in Foreign Pay”in no way implies that Ah Q has a patriotic heart.His insults to Mr.Qian are nothing but empty references,a rehashed phrase that is far from the meaning of the sentence itself.forms an ironic ideographic system.

关 键 词：鲁迅 阿Q 汉奸 假洋鬼子 

分 类 号：I210.976[文学—中国文学]