深入探索殷商家族结构的可贵资料--初读《安阳孝民屯(四)殷商遗存·墓葬》  

Valuable Data for Thorough Exploration of Yin Shang Clan Structure:a Preliminary Review of Anyang Xiaomintun(IV):Yin Shang Remains:Tombs

作　　者：朱凤瀚[1] Zhu Fenghan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国古代史研究中心,北京市100871

出　　处：《考古》2024年第1期114-120,共7页Archaeology

基　　金：古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“商金文与般墟卜辞综合研究”(项目编号G1604)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：研究商周考古的学者都很清楚,迄今能见到的保存比较好、面积亦较大的商代墓地并不多,而殷墟的墓葬资料不仅因墓地较集中,墓葬数目多,并且因其所处地点为商王国中心区域而尤为珍贵。段墟西区墓群1969~1977年发掘报告发表迄今已40余年,虽囿于当时的种种情况之局限,这批资料的公布并不细致,仍介于“报告”与“简报”之间,但正如报告结语中所言,这次发掘“其面积之大,发现的墓数之多,出土遗物之丰富,是以往殷墟发掘的同一类型墓葬所不能比拟的”,而且尤为重要的是,“结语”中还特别指出“这批资料对于研究股代社会中的族的组织形式和殷代平民的阶级状况”具有重要价值。The archaeological report Anyang Xiaomintun(IV):Yin Shang Remains:Tombs publishes 645 tombs uncovered in the Xiaomintun village area,providing comprehensive details on the form and grave goods of each tomb.The report also includes meticulous skeletal identification reports,offering insights into the skeletal features,gender,age,and estimated height of tomb occupants.This information is crucial for studying ethnicity,social structure,cemetery planning,as well as population lifespan and the presence/absence of equestrian practices.Tomb groupings based on distribution and grave good assemblages are useful for studying social organization and the layout of clan cemeteries of the time.The report explicitly indicates the existence of a settlement pattern characterized by integration of living and burial areas.However,further publication of relevant materials on bronze-casting sites and dwelling locations is necessary to corroborate this argument.

关 键 词：殷墟 孝民屯 殷商 墓葬 家族结构 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]