不同饲料能量源及其水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力及蛋白质利用的影响  

Effects of dietary energy sources and levels on growth,antioxidant capacity and protein utilization of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：刘秋瑀 王伟隆 黄旭雄[1,2,3] LIU Qiuyu;WANG Weilong;HUANG Xuxiong(Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition(CREEFN)of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology,Shanghai 201306,China;Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]中国-东盟海水养殖技术一带一路联合实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第9期1067-1079,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0203900);上海市科技兴农项目(2021-02-08-00-12-F00761).

摘　　要：为探究不同饲料能量源及其水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能的影响,以饲料蛋白质含量为37%,蛋白能量比为20.23 mg/kJ的饲料作为对照组饲料(C),在此基础上分别通过提高饲料碳水化合物、脂肪含量调节饲料能量水平,制作饲料蛋白能量比分别为19.51 mg/kJ(中碳水化合物组,MC)、18.85 mg/kJ(高碳水化合物组,HC)、19.45 mg/kJ(中脂肪组,ML)和18.54 mg/kJ(高脂肪组,HL)的4组实验饲料,在淡水养殖条件下投喂初始体重为(0.6±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾56d。结果表明,与对照组相比,提升饲料脂肪水平能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),HL组凡纳滨对虾获得最大特定生长率及蛋白质沉积率;增加饲料碳水化合物水平对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能及蛋白质沉积率无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,ML组、MC组、HC组对虾肌肉粗蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),HL组对虾肌肉粗蛋白含量较对照组有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),对虾肌肉总脂肪含量则随着饲料能量水平提高均显著增高(P>0.05)。ML组、HL组、MC组、HC组对虾肝胰腺蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性较对照组均显著增高(P<0.05)。MC组与HC组对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P>0.05),ML组与HL组对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶活性较照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在同一蛋白水平下提高饲料脂肪水平会导致对虾血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性及甘油三酯(TG)含量显著提升(P<0.05),同时HL组对虾血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性较对照组显著增高(P<0.05),提高饲料碳水化合物水平同样会提升对虾血清GPT活性与TG含量(P<0.05),但对血清GOT活性无显著性影响(P>0.05)。相同蛋白水平下,ML组与HL组对虾血清及肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MC组与HC组对虾血清及肝胰腺MDA含量较对照组显著增高(P<0.05),HC组与HL组对虾血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于对照组Proteins,lipids,and carbohydrates are essential nutrients and main energy sources for the growth and development of organisms.When dietary protein is excessive,it is metabolized as energy,which not only increases the organism’s metabolic burden,affecting normal growth,but also causes water pollution through the discharge of waste products such as ammonia nitrogen.Reasonable use of lipids and carbohydrates can improve the utilization of dietary protein,save breeding costs,and promote the growth of aquatic animals.To explore the effects of different energy sources and dietary levels on the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei,we prepared a control diet(C)with 37%protein content and a protein-energy ratio of 20.23 mg/kJ.Four experimental diets were formulated to investigate the effects of different energy sources and levels on L.vannamei growth.These diets had protein-energy ratios of 19.51 mg/kJ(medium carbohydrate group,MC),18.85 mg/kJ(high carbohydrate group,HC),19.45 mg/kJ(medium lipid group,ML),and 18.54 mg/kJ(high lipid group,HL).These ratios were prepared by increasing the dietary energy content through carbohydrates or lipids.Juvenile shrimps,initially weighing(0.6±0.02)g,were fed these diets for 56 days under freshwater conditions.Before the end of the experiment,the shrimps underwent a 24-hours fast,followed by weighing and counting after removal from the net cage to calculate the survival rate,weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient,protein efficiency ratio,and protein deposition rate.The muscle and hepatopancreas were collected from six shrimps in each cage to assess muscle composition,digestive enzymes(protease,lipase,and amylase),and antioxidant enzyme activities(T-AOC,MDA,and CAT).Serum samples were collected from 12 shrimps from each cage to determine serum biochemical indexes(GOT,GPT,and TG),serum antioxidants,and non-specific immune indexes(T-AOC,MDA,and AKP).The results evidenced that,compared with the control group,increasing dietary lipid levels significantly increased th

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 脂肪 碳水化合物 蛋白能量比 生长性能 蛋白质利用 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]