Cyt b和12S rRNA基因条形码在灯笼鱼科鱼类物种鉴定中的应用  

Identification analysis of DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes in Myctophidae fishes

作　　者：刘乙蒙 刘洋[1,2,3,4,5] 刘必林[1,2,3,4,5] 俞晔伟 宋成辉[1] 王丛丛 LIU Yimeng;LIU Yang;LIU Bilin;YU Yewei;SONG Chenghui;WANG Congcong(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]农村农业部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海201306 [5]农村农业部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第9期1112-1126,共15页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：农业农村部全球渔业资源调查监测评估(公海渔业资源综合科学调查)专项;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心、大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室、农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验室开放基金项目(A1-2006-23-200210)。

摘　　要：灯笼鱼科鱼类种类繁多,且同属鱼类形态学相近,因此利用分子标记对灯笼鱼进行准确的物种鉴定具有重要价值。为探讨线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)和12S rRNA基因在灯笼鱼科物种鉴定中的适用性,对西北太平洋采集的56尾灯笼鱼进行扩增,并进行序列对比与系统发育分析。研究表明,采集的样本包括6种灯笼鱼,分别为瓦氏角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)、长体标灯鱼(Symbolophorus californiensis)、粗鳞灯笼鱼(Myctophum asperum)、细泰勒灯鱼(Tarletonbeania crenularis)、日本背灯鱼(Notoscopelus japonicus)以及某背灯鱼属鱼类(Notoscopelus sp.)。核苷酸多态性分析显示,基于Cyt b基因的种内与种间遗传距离比基于12S rRNA基因的更大。比较灯笼鱼科2种基因序列的结构特征,发现Cyt b基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的25倍,12S rRNA基因的种间平均遗传距离是种内平均遗传距离的26倍,均符合作为DNA条形码的基本要求。系统进化分析显示,每种灯笼鱼均能形成独立分支,2个基因均能对6种灯笼鱼类进行鉴别;但在Cyt b基因构建的进化树中,每种鱼类能更好与数据库中已有的序列进行聚类。综上所述,Cyt b和12S rRNA作为DNA条形码可以有效地对灯笼鱼科鱼类物种进行鉴定,且Cyt b基因在系统进化关系的研究上具有更高的适用性。The Myctophidae family is widely distributed in mesopelagic oceans worldwide and plays a significant role in the pelagic food chain due to its vertical migratory behavior.Myctophidae are diverse and the morphological differences between genera are not obvious.Therefore,the use of molecular markers for Myctophidae identification would be advantageous.In this study,we amplified 56 Myctophidae samples collected from the Northwest Pacific using the Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes.These amplified sequences were subsequently used for phylogenetic analyses alongside sequences from 29 other Myctophidae species in 18 genera from the GenBank database.We explored the applicability of Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes for identifying Myctophidae species.The results indicate that the 56 samples belonged to 6 species:Ceratoscopelus warmingii,Symbolophorus californiensis,Myctophum asperum,Tarletonbeania crenularis,Notoscopelus japonicus,and Notoscopelus sp.The intra-specific and inter-specific genetic distances based on the Cyt b gene were more pronounced than those based on the 12S rRNA gene.The difference between the average inter-specific and intra-specific genetic distances of Cyt b and 12S rRNA gene was 25 and 26,respectively.These results indicated that both genes meet the basic requirements for DNA barcodes.Phylogenetic analysis evidenced that the six Myctophidae species each formed an independent clade based on Cyt b and 12S rRNA gene sequences.However,in the evolutionary tree constructed based on the Cyt b gene,each fish clustered more closely with sequences in the GenBank database.In summary,both Cyt b and 12S rRNA genes could be used as DNA barcodes for identifying Myctophidae species,amd the Cyt b gene was particularly suitable for analyzing phylogenetic relationships.

关 键 词：灯笼鱼科 Cyt b基因 12S rRNA基因 物种鉴定 系统进化分析 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]