我国城乡高中一、二年级学生体质健康测试状况的调查研究  

Investigative Study on the Physical Fitness Testing Status of First and Second Year High School Students in Urban and Rural Areas in China

作　　者：景涛[1] 戴永梅[2] 罗健英 曹彦俊 罗维[1] 彭驰 季烨林凡 张翠军[7] 黄玉 郑清 沈鹤军[10] JING Tao;DAI Yongmei;LUO Jianying;CAO Yanjun;LUO Wei;PENG Chi;JI Yelinfan;ZHANG Cuijun;HUANG Yu;ZHENG Qing;SHEN Hejun(Department of Rehabilitation Therapy,School of Exercise and Health,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Nutrition Department,Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital/Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210004,China;Clinical Nutrition Department,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province/Clinical Medical School,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225001,China;Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai University of TCM Shanghai TCM-Integreted Hospital,Shanghai 200082,China;Nutrition Department,Baoying County Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Yangzhou 225800,China;School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Nutrition Department,Yangzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Centre,Yangzhou 225002,China;Department of Physical Education Teaching and Research,Liyang High School of Jiangsu Province,Liyang 213300,China;Department of Physical Education Teaching and Research,Hanjiang High School of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225009,China;School of Physical Education and Humanities,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院运动健康学院康复治疗学系,江苏省南京市210014 [2]江苏省南京市妇幼保健院,南京医科大学附属妇产医院营养科,210014 [3]江苏省苏北人民医院,扬州大学附属苏北人民医院临床营养科,江苏省扬州市225001 [4]上海中医药大学附属上海市中西医结合医院中医科,上海市200082 [5]江苏省扬州市宝应县妇幼保健院营养科,225800 [6]北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京市100084 [7]江苏省扬州市妇幼保健院营养科,225002 [8]江苏省溧阳中学体育教研组,江苏省溧阳市213300 [9]江苏省邗江中学体育教研组,江苏省扬州市225009 [10]南京体育学院体育教育与人文学院,江苏省南京市210014

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2024年第18期2243-2252,共10页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2019年度教育学课题(BLA190212)。

摘　　要：背景目前有关高中生体质健康测试成绩的研究以各省、市内局部地区较为多见,多中心大样本量的全域研究甚少。各类学校在普遍开展线上与线下混合式教学时,势必延长了高中生本已较长的静坐时间。这种趋势是否对高中生的体质健康产生一定的影响,亟待开展全域范围的调查研究。目的调查并分析我国七大地区城乡高中一、二年级学生的体质健康测试成绩水平及相关影响因素,探索出高中一、二年级学生的体质健康水平均衡提升的赋能路径。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2019年1—3月在我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)七大地区(华东、华南、华北、华中、西北、西南、东北)高中学校按照市区县与乡镇村进行分层抽样,然后随机整群分别选取市区县高中学校和乡镇村高中学校各1所,共62所学校42523名在读的高一、高二年级学生进行调研,同时收集学生的体质健康测试成绩数据(BMI反映身体发育水平,肺活量反映身体功能,坐位体前屈反映躯体柔韧度,引体向上、50 m跑、立定跳远反映上下肢爆发力量水平,1 min仰卧起坐反映躯体核心力量水平,800 m跑、1000 m跑反映心肺耐力水平),并运用非参数检验及多元线性回归分析探讨体质健康测试成绩水平的影响因素。结果42523名高中生的中位年龄为16.0(16.0,17.0)岁;男生20074名(47.2%)、女生22449名(52.8%),市县区21725名(51.1%)、镇乡村20798名(48.9%)。七大地区高中生性别、城乡分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。七大地区高中男生各项体质健康测试成绩比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各项体质健康测试成绩前三的地区如下:身高(华北>东北>华中)、体质量(东北>华北>华中)、BMI(华中>东北>华北)、肺活量(东北>华中>华南)、50 m跑(华南>华中>华东)、立定跳远(华南>华北>西北)、坐位体前屈(华南>西南>华中)、引体向上(华南>西南>西�Background Current research on the physical fitness test scores of high school students is more localized within provinces and cities,with few multicenter,large-sample-size,domain-wide research results.The prevalence of blended online and offline teaching in schools of all types has inevitably prolonged the already long sedentary time of high school students.Whether this trend has some impact on the physical health of high school students is an urgent need for a region-wide study.Objective To investigate and analyze the levels of physical fitness test scores and related influencing factors of urban and rural high school first-and second-year students in seven regions of China,and to explore the empowering paths for the balanced improvement of physical fitness levels of first-and second-year high school students.Methods Stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct stratified sampling according to urban counties and townships and villages in high school schools in seven regions(East China,South China,North China,Central China,Northwest China,Southwest China,Northeast China)of 31 provinces(municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions)of China from January to March 2019,and then randomized clusters of 1 high school school in urban counties and 1 high school school in townships and villages in total of 62 schools were selected respectively.A total of 42523 freshmen and sophomores in high schools were randomly selected to conduct the research,and the data on students'physical fitness test scores were collected at the same time(BMI reflects the level of physical development;lung capacity reflects the level of physical function;sit-and-reach reflects the level of flexibility;pull-up,50 m run,standing long jump reflects the level of explosive strength of upper and lower limbs;1 min sit-up reflects the level of core strength of the torso;800 m run,1000 m run reflects the level of cardiorespiratory endurance),and non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression analysis

关 键 词：高中生 体质健康测试 城乡 心肺耐力 爆发力 核心力 

分 类 号：R195.1[医药卫生—卫生统计学]