基于中药系统毒理学数据库的中药致肾毒性及药物规律研究  

Nephrotoxic effects and usage of traditional Chinese medicines based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Toxicology Database

作　　者：李嘉昕 刘慧敏 钱文秀 马宁 宋丽丽[1] 李遇伯[1] LI Jiaxin;LIU Huimin;QIAN Wenxiu;MA Ning;SONG Lili;LI Yubo(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学中药学院,天津301617

出　　处：《中国药物警戒》2024年第2期173-180,共8页Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81873194、82374162)。

摘　　要：目的基于中药系统毒理学数据库(TCMSTD)对中药致肾毒性及用药规律进行探究和总结。方法利用TCMSTD对收录的具有毒性的中药材按照毒性类型进行筛选并分析,总结具有肾毒性的中药材其药性、药味、功效、归经等规律。结果发现具有肾毒性的中药101种,其肾毒性依据肾脏损伤部位不同,可分为肾小管损伤、急性肾小管坏死、肾小球损伤、肾间质损伤4种,同一味中药可能对肾脏不同部位出现不同程度的损伤。具有肾毒性的中药中明确具有肾毒性的毒性成分共27种,分别属于生物碱类、酚类等13种成分类型。对肾毒性成分作用靶点进行统计分析,发现重复频次最高的靶点为ESR1、ALOX5,出现频次均为21次。101种肾毒性中药其药性多为寒、温;药味则以苦、辛为主;归经多归肝、肺、脾、肾经。结论具有肾毒性的中药药性以寒、温为主,药味以苦、辛为主,药物功效分布相对较均匀,提示一些常用传统中药在日常使用时应注意剂量与配伍,减少药物本身对肾脏的损伤。Objective To explore and summarize the nephrotoxic effects and usage of traditional Chinese medicines based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Toxicology Database(TCMSTD).Methods The TCMSTD was used to screen and analyze the toxic Chinese medicinal materials included according to their types of toxicity,and to summarize the properties,taste,efficacy,and meridian tropism of Chinese medicinal materials with nephrotoxicity.Results There were 101 types of traditional Chinese medicines that were found to cause nephrotoxicity,the nephrotoxic effects which could be divided into four types based on the locations of renal injury:renal tubular injury,acute tubular necrosis,glomerular injury and renal interstitial injury.The same traditional Chinese medicine might cause damage of varying degrees to different parts of the kidney.There were a total of 27 toxic components with renal toxicity in traditional Chinese medicines,which belonged to 13 types of components such as alkaloids and phenols.Statistical analysis of the targets of nephrotoxic components revealed that the targets with the highest repetition frequency were ESR1 and ALOX5,with a frequency of 21.One hundred and one types of nephrotoxic traditional Chinese medicines had mostly cold and warm properties.The medicinal taste was mainly bitter and spicy.The meridians were mostly attributed to the liver,lung,spleen,and kidney meridians.Conclusion The properties of traditional Chinese medicines with nephrotoxicity are mostly cold and warm,and the taste is mainly bitter and spicy.The distribution of drug efficacy is relatively uniform,indicating that TCM practitioners should pay attention to dosage and compatibility in daily use to reduce the drug-caused damage to the kidney.

关 键 词：中药系统毒理学数据库 肾毒性 中药 毒性成分 作用机制 减毒方法 规律研究 

分 类 号：R961[医药卫生—药理学] R994.11[医药卫生—药学]