共犯意思联络的教义学展开  

Dogmatic Analyze on the Conspiracy of Joint Offence

作　　者：申屠玚玚 Shentu Yang-yang

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2024年第1期123-135,共13页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

摘　　要：意思联络是共同犯罪的成立要件,作为一种事实认知活动,是界定共犯行为性质的判断资料,不能与因果性混同。意思联络涉及法秩序对共犯行为法益侵害性的客观初步评价,建立在特定事实与犯罪关联性的基础上,具有与故意过失不同的评价内容。在对故意认定存在扩张倾向的司法现状下,有必要基于行为主义的要求,强调意思联络的独立地位与客观属性。我国刑法采取定罪与量刑分离的双层区分模式,并无对共同正犯的专门规定,共谋与德日刑法中的正犯性评价无关,共同正犯的结果归属应个别进行,没有必要承认共谋共同正犯概念。对意思联络的形成发挥重要作用者是共同正犯,在结果归属阶段,共同正犯与狭义共犯具有不同评价侧重。Conspiracy is a necessary element for the identification of joint offence in Chinese judicial practice.As a cognitive activity based on facts,conspiracy is the judgment material for defining participant’s act and cannot be confused with causality.The identification of conspiracy deals with the legal order’s objective evaluation of the unlawfulness of act and should be based on specific prima-facie and offensive relevance.Thus,it is different from the identification of intention and negligence.Under the current judicial situation where there is a tendency to expand the determination of intention,it is necessary to emphasize the independent status and the objective attribute of conspiracy based on the requirement of behaviorism.The Chinese criminal law adopts a two-tier-classification system that separates conviction and sentencing.There is no special provision on joint perpetrators.Therefore,the conspiracy of joint perpetrators does not establish the principalship as in Germen and Japanese Criminal Code.The damage-attribution of joint perpetrators should be conducted separately.There is no need of adopting the concept of collusive co-perpetrator.Joint perpetrator should be defined as the person who plays an important role in the formation of the conspiracy.In the damage-attribution,joint perpetrators have a different emphasis on the evaluation of unlawfulness from the accessary.

关 键 词：意思联络 共同犯罪 行为主义 共同正犯 共谋 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]