鲜食加工兼用型椰子种质鉴定和综合评价  

Germplasm Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fresh-Eating and Processing Type Coconut

作　　者：刘蕊[1,2] 弓淑芳 张照华 LIU Rui;GONG Shufang;ZHANG Zhaohua(Coconut Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Wenchang,Hainan 571339,China;National Tropical Palm Germplasm Nursery(Wenchang),Wenchang,Hainan 571339,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌571339 [2]国家热带棕榈种质资源圃(文昌),海南文昌571339

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第1期9-17,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：物种品种资源保护费(No.2016NWB052);国家热带植物种质资源库椰子种质资源分库(No.NTPGRC2022-017);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(No.1630152022001)。

摘　　要：为了筛选鲜食加工兼用椰子种质,为椰子种质资源鉴定和兼用型新品种选育提供参考,对44份椰子种质8月龄及12月龄果的33个果实性状指标进行测定和变异分析、聚类分析,对其中18个性状进行相关性分析,对9个主要性状开展主成分分析,并对种质进行综合评价。变异分析结果表明,8月龄果性状的变异系数为9.97%~37.16%,12月龄果性状的变异系数为8.90%~41.28%;聚类分析表明,根据8月龄及12月龄果性状均可将44份种质分成三大类,分别为椰水糖度高、中、低3类及椰肉占比高、中、低3类;相关性分析结果表明,18个性状之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中12月龄果椰肉占比与椰果质量、椰果长、椰果宽存在显著负相关,但是8月龄、12月龄果的椰水糖度与其他性状间均无显著相关性;主成分分析表明,9个性状可以简化为3个主成分,累积贡献率达到83.896%;通过综合评价筛选出10份鲜食加工综合性状优良的椰子种质。分析结果说明44份椰子种质在果实性状方面具有丰富的多样性,聚类分析为选择不同特点的种质提供了选择范围,果实性状之间存在大量的显著相关性,筛选出V405、Y224、Y261等10份综合表现较好的种质,为兼用型种质创制和新品种培育提供了基础材料。To screen coconut germplasm for freshness eating and processing, provide a reference for identifying coconut germplasm resources, and breed new varieties for dual-purpose types, 33 traits of 44 coconut germplasms were analyzed and analyzed via cluster analysis. Correlation analysis was performed for 18 traits, principal component analysis was carried out for nine main characters, and comprehensive evaluation was conducted for the germplasms. The results of the variation analysis showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 9.97% to 37.16% for the 8-month-old fruit traits and from 8.90% to 41.28% for the 12-month-old fruit traits. According to the 8-month-old fruit traits, the cluster analysis showed that 44 germplasms were divided into three groups: high, medium, and low degrees of coconut water. According to the 12-month-old fruit traits, 44 germplasms were split into three groups: high, medium, and low proportions of coconut meat. Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation among the 18 traits, among which the proportion of coconut meat from 12-month-old fruits was negatively correlated with fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit width;however, there was no significant correlation between the Brix degree of coconut water and other traits of 8-month-old and 12-month-old fruits. Principal component analysis showed that the nine traits could be reduced to three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83.896%. Through comprehensive evaluation, ten coconut germplasms with good comprehensive traits of fresh eating and processing were selected. In conclusion, the 44 coconut germplasms exhibited rich diversity in fruit traits.Cluster analysis provided a selection range for selecting germplasms with different characteristics and many significant correlations among fruit traits. Ten germplasms with good comprehensive performance, V405, Y224, and Y261, were screened,which will provide basic materials for dual-purpose germplasm creation and new variety bree

关 键 词：椰子 兼用型 聚类分析 相关性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]