计划行为理论视角下城市初中生劳动意愿的影响因素和提升路径  

Influencing Factors and Enhancement Path for Labor Intention of Urban Junior High School Students from the Perspective of Theory of Planned Behavior

作　　者：钟云华 桂静 ZHONG Yunhua;GUI Jing(Rural Education Research Center,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan,China,410081;School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan,China,410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学乡村教育研究中心,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2024年第1期33-44,共12页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：湖南省教育科学规划重点课题“乡村教育振兴背景下的公费师范生人才培养研究”(XJK22ZDJD15)。

摘　　要：初中生正处于形成正确劳动观和养成基本劳动能力的关键时段,初中阶段是劳动教育必须重视和利用的时期。针对目前我国城市初中生存在劳动观念淡薄、劳动意愿不高、劳动素养缺失以及劳动认知偏差等问题,研究从计划行为理论视角出发,基于长沙市10所中学1200名初中生问卷调查数据,运用结构方程模型深入探讨城市初中生劳动意愿的影响因素和提升路径。研究发现:劳动态度对城市初中生劳动意愿产生显著正向影响;主观规范、知觉行为控制分别对城市初中生劳动态度产生显著正向、负向影响,但两者均不会对劳动意愿产生直接影响,必须通过中介变量——劳动态度,才能产生间接影响。提升城市初中生的劳动意愿,应从三条路径入手:一是重视重要他人引导,教师、父母需从自我做起,为初中生树立热爱劳动的榜样,对初中生劳动成果多作正向反馈;二是积极开展劳动教育,重视劳动知识教育、实践教育和反思教育;三是加强社区劳动支持,利用社区丰富的劳动教育资源,促使初中生从自我劳动走向社会劳动,从服务个人走向服务他人。Junior high school students are in the critical period of forming a correct view of labor and developing basic labor ability,so at this stage,it is necessary to seize the chance to emphasize labor education.Aiming at the current problems in labor of urban junior high school students in China,such as indifference,low willingness,lack of relevant literacy and cognitive bias,the study,from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB),based on the questionnaire survey data of 1,200 junior high school students from 10 middle schools in Changsha,utilizing Structural Equation Model(SEM)to explore the influencing factors of urban junior high school students'labor willingness and the paths to enhancement.It is found that:labor attitude has a significant positive effect on urban junior high school students'labor willingness;subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a prominent positive and negative effect on urban junior high school students'labor attitude,respectively,but both of them do not have a direct effect on labor willingness,and they must be mediated by the mediator variable,labor attitude,to have an indirect effect.There are three ways to enhance the labor willingness of urban junior high school students as follows:first,we should pay attention to the guidance of important others including teachers and parents,and they need to set up an example of love for labor for junior high school students,and give more positive feedback on the results of junior high school students'labor;second,we should actively carry out labor education,delivering the education of labor knowledge,practices and reflection;third,we should strengthen the community's support for labor by making use of the community's various labor education resources to encourage junior high school students to participate in social labor,transferring from supporting themselves to serving others.

关 键 词：城市初中生 劳动意愿 计划行为理论 影响因素 提升路径 

分 类 号：G622.4[文化科学—教育学]