科技立法基本原则、监管趋势与未来展望  

The Basic Principles,Regulation Trend and Future Prospects of Science and Technology Law

作　　者：初萌 Chu Meng(Law School,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of International Intellectual Property of Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院,北京100081 [2]北京大学国际知识产权研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2024年第5期90-98,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：北京市科学技术委员会、中关村科技园区管理委员会项目(Z211100001321005)。

摘　　要：因问题意识而兴起的科技法存在体系化不足的问题。通过系统的文献综述,可以归纳科技立法的基本原则、监管趋势,进而为科技法的体系化指明道路,并对未来的重要议题作出展望。研究发现:人本主义是贯穿科技立法与科技法研究的主线,其可具体化为“科研自由”“创新激励”“安全保障”“可持续发展”4项基本原则。人本主义与治理现代化理念的结合,对科技监管提出了监管理念平衡化、监管对象全面化、监管节点前置化、监管手段精细化的要求。以“人本主义”这一主线为指引,串联、补足科技法律规范,明晰监管手段的现代化路径,不失为实现科技法体系化、凸显其独立学科属性的良方。最后提出,未来科技立法应在进一步挖掘政府与市场、安全与人权、国际竞争与合作、技术与人性的基础上展开。Science and technology law,with its issue-oriented characteristics,is prone to a lack of systematism.This problem becomes more obvious with its ever-enlarging research domains and issues and bears the following characteristics:first,the hot spot of research has been changed from biotechnology to dual emphasis on biotechnology and information technology;second,with the market gradually replacing government as the main power for the operation of technological innovation,issues on privatization,ownership and transfer of technological achievements are more and more emphasized;third,researchers are more engaged in searching for a solution to the"man-to-man"and"state-to-state"control problem caused by"technological power".Though new domains and issues enrich the scope of research for science and technology law,they have also made it more difficult to systematize the research,and the systematic construction of science and technology law still has a long way to go.This study delves into legislation and the research of recent years and finds a way towards systematizing science and technology law through the method of induction.The basic principles and regulatory trends of technology legislation are then summarized."Humanism"is eligible to be the principle of science and technology law.It is manifested in both technological philosophy and the legal system,especially with the rise of"fourth-generation human rights",the enhanced enforcement of intellectual property rights,and more attention paid to safety in the field of technology.From this trend,a paradigm shift towards science and technology law that focuses on"humanity"has come into being and can be subdivided into four major parts:"freedom of scientific research","incentive for innovation","safety guarantee"and"sustainable development".Combining humanism with the modernization of governance,the study manifests the consummation of regulation for science and technology law from four aspects.To begin with,the participation of multiple subjects is required in order to enhan

关 键 词：科技法 基础理论 科技伦理 人本主义 科技监管 治理现代化 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]