上海市长宁区3岁~6岁儿童视力与屈光状态调查  

Visual Acuity and Refractive Status of 3-6 Years Old Children in Changning District,Shanghai

作　　者：卫小华 周丽萍 何璐 Wei Xiaohua;Zhou Liping;He Lu(Shanghai Changning District Xinjing Town Community Health Service Center1,Shanghai,200335 China;Shanghai Changning District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Shanghai,200050 China)

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区新泾镇社区卫生服务中心,上海200335 [2]上海市长宁区妇幼保健院,上海200050

出　　处：《中国社区医师》2024年第3期157-159,共3页Chinese Community Doctors

摘　　要：目的:调查上海市长宁区3岁~6岁儿童的视力与屈光状态。方法:选取上海市长宁区2021年4—6月9家幼儿园入园幼儿1 590人作为研究对象,对所有儿童行视力及屈光度检测。分析当地儿童视力及屈光情况,探讨各指标的相关性。结果:长宁区3岁~6岁儿童1 590人中视力低常202人,视力低常率12.70%,单眼视力低常12人(5.94%),左眼5人(2.48%),右眼7人(3.47%);双眼视力低常190人(94.06%)。6岁儿童低常率高于3岁~5岁儿童,5岁儿童低常率高于3岁~4岁儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高度近视组等效球镜度(SE)小于低度近视组与中度近视组,前房深度(AD)小于低度近视组,眼轴长度(AL)大于低度近视组、中度近视组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,视力异常儿童SE与AD、AL呈正相关,AD与AL呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:3岁~6岁学龄前儿童年龄大者视力低常风险高,不同近视程度的患儿眼功能及屈光状态存在差异,SE与AD、AL间相互呈正相关。Objective:To investigate the visual acuity and refractive status of 3-6 years old children in Changning district,Shanghai.Methods:1,590 children enrolled in 9 kindergartens in Changning District,Shanghai from April to June 2021 were selected as the study objects,and visual acuity and diopter were detected for all children.The visual acuity and refraction of local children were analyzed,and the correlation of each index was discussed.Results:202 of the 1,590 children aged 3 to 6 years old in Changning District had low normal visual acuity(12.70%),of which 12(5.94%) were in single eye,5(2.48%) in left eye and 7(3.47%) in right eye;190(94.06%) of both eyes;The low normal rate of children aged 6 years was higher than that of children aged3 to 5 years,and the low normal rate of children aged 5 years was higher than that of children aged 3 to 4 years,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The equivalent spherical lens extent(SE) in the high myopia group was less than those in the low myopia and moderate myopia groups,the anterior chamber depth(AD) was less than those in the low myopia group,and the axial length of the eye(AL) was greater than those in the low myopia and moderate myopia groups,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);Pearson correlation analysis showed that SE was positively correlated with AD and AL,and AD was positively correlated with AL in children with abnormal vision(P<0.05).Conclusion:Older preschool children aged 3-6 years old have high risk of low visual acuity.There are differences in eye function and refractive status in children with different myopia degrees.SE is positively correlated with AD and AL.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 视力发育 近视 屈光不正 散光 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]