湖南汨罗(长乐)方言言说动词“话”的语法化  

The Grammaticalization of the Speech Verb[uα^(2)]话in Changle Dialect in Miluo City,Hu'nan Province

作　　者：陈山青 CHEN Shanqing

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湘潭

出　　处：《方言》2024年第1期78-87,共10页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“语言接触视域下湖南东部湘、赣语过渡地带方言语法研究”(21BYY074);湖南省社科基金重大项目“湖南方言口传文化采辑及语料库建设研究”(20ZDAJO11);重点项目“湘方言虚词及其语法化研究”(19ZDB026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：湖南汨罗方言的言说动词“话”发生了多重语法化,可作标句词、副词/连词后缀、话题标记、传信范畴标记、意外范畴标记。五类虚成分与语义完足的谓词性小句或句子组合,演化都经历引语标记阶段:标句词具有词缀性质,由准标句词虚化而成;副词/连词后缀则是标句词功能扩展的结果;话题标记来自转述标记,反映汉语言说动词一种新的演化类型;传信、意外范畴标记同属传信情态,后者是前者语境吸收的产物。语义和语法位置的分化是“话”发生多重语法化的主要原因,而语义、句法、语用语境是引发“话”语法化的重要机制。The speech verb[uα^(2)]话in Miluo dialect,Hu'nan province,has undergone the poly-grammaticalization,i.e.including a complementizer,a suffix of adverb/conjunction,a topic marker,an evidential marker and a mirative marker.The five functional morphemes are related to semantically complete predicate clauses or sentences,and their evolutions have all been through the indirect speech marker stage.The complementizer,composed of semicomplementizer,exhibits the characteristics of affixes.The suffix of adverb/conjunction is the functional extension of the complementizer.The topic marker is generated from the reported marker,reflecting a new evolutionary type of Chinese speech verbs.Both the evidential marker and the mirative marker belong to evidential modality and the mirative marker is the absorption of the context of the evidentiality.The variation of semantic and grammatical positions is the main reason for poly-grammaticalization of[ua']话while the semantic,syntactic and pragmatic context are essential mechanisms for initiating the grammaticalization of[uα^(2)]话.

关 键 词：湖南汨罗 湘语 言说动词 语法化 标句词 后缀 话题标记 传信情态 语境 

分 类 号：H174[语言文字—汉语]