点亮纳米科学的量子点——2023年诺贝尔化学奖浅谈  

Quantum Dots:Light up Nanoscience——A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023

作　　者：孙聆东 王颖霞[1] Lingdong Sun;Yingxia Wang(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China.)

机构地区：[1]北京分子科学中心,北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第1期1-6,共6页University Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22031002,21931001,21927901)。

摘　　要：随着化学学科的发展,人们能够制备出的化合物种类越来越多,对物质的研究也遍及不同的尺度:从宏观到微观以及二者之间的介观——通常在纳米量级。在纳米尺度上,很多材料的性质表现出与尺寸之间的关联效应,量子点就是其中最典型的代表。量子点指尺寸与其激子波尔半径相近时表现出尺寸依赖的量子效应的一类半导体,在保持组成不变的前提下,通过尺寸调控就可以改变其带隙以及相应的吸收和发射光谱。这一特性为半导体纳米材料的研究与应用带来了新的机遇。2023年诺贝尔化学奖授予量子点的工作,赞扬其点亮纳米科学。本文主要围绕三位获奖科学家的工作,从量子点的发现和合成的研究历程出发,对相关的科学发展和事件做简要的总结和评述。With the advancement of the field of chemistry,the synthesis of an increasingly diverse range of compounds has become feasible.The study of substances now encompasses various scales:from macroscopic to microscopic,often extending into the mesoscopic domain,typically at the nanoscale.At the nanometer scale,many materials manifest size-dependent effects,with quantum dots standing out as the most prominent representative.Quantum dots denote a class of semiconductors that exhibit size-dependent quantum effects when their dimensions closely approach the exciton Bohr radius.Through meticulous size control while preserving a consistent chemical composition,it is plausible to modulate the bandgap along with the accompanying absorption and emission spectra.This characteristic brings new opportunities for the research and application of semiconductor nanomaterials.The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to quantum dots and claimed that they light up nanoscience.Combining the three Nobel laureates’work,this article embarks upon the historical trajectory of the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots,offering a concise overview of the pertinent scientific achievements.

关 键 词：量子尺寸效应 量子点 纳米科学 合成化学 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]