青藏高原东南缘不同类型生态系统碳、水交换特征  

Patterns of Carbon and Water Exchange Process over Different Types of Ecosystems in the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：刘辉志[1,2] 杜群 许鲁君[1,3] 刘阳 蒙小妮 邵雅梅[5] 郑颖祺 LIU Huizhi;DU Qun;XU Lujun;LIU Yang;MENG Xiaoni;SHAO Yamei;ZHENG Yingqi(State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Yunnan University,Kunming 650500;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf,Ministry of Education,Nanning Normal University,Nanning,530001;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences(NIES)of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]云南大学,昆明650500 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁530001 [5]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第1期188-199,共12页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务2019QZKK0105;国家自然科学基金项目42161144010、42375081、41975017。

摘　　要：青藏高原东南缘横断山脉地区是南亚和东亚季风的交汇处,也是大气变化的敏感区和热源区。开展该地区地气相互作用对区域水热过程影响机制及其参数化研究,对于研究青藏高原大气水汽传输的关键过程问题有重大意义。本文介绍了基于涡动观测法开展的青藏高原东南缘地区的地气相互作用观测试验,并总结了洱海湖面、丽江高山草甸及腾冲北海湿地的地气交换特征,以及利用数值模式开展复杂山地局地环流特征的研究工作。目前已初步明确和揭示青藏高原东南缘横断山脉不同类型下垫面的地气交换特征及其影响因素,主要结论如下:青藏高原东南缘高山草甸的碳、水交换过程受降水分布影响显著,“浮毯型”湿地(水面常年覆盖有“浮毯”状苔草草排)的碳、水交换除了受气象因素影响外,也受到下垫面植被和水体比例变化的影响。不同类型生态系统的碳、水交换过程在不同时间尺度的影响因子存在差别。风速始终是湖泊潜热和CO_(2)交换的关键影响因子,而降水在较长时间尺度对湖泊CO_(2)通量也有显著影响。此外,青藏高原东南缘的复杂地形对于生态系统的碳、水交换过程也有显著影响。复杂地形产生的不同类型的局地环流对于生态系统的碳、水交换过程有不同的影响。The Hengduan Mountains situated at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau are in the conjunction area of the south and southeast Asian monsoons and are also heating and sensitive areas,where atmospheric changes occur.Therefore,understanding key processes related to the atmospheric water resources in the Tibetan Plateau is highly essential to investigate the effects and parameterization schemes concerning the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere or water vapor as well as energy exchange processes in this region.This study introduces the land-atmosphere field experiments developed in this area based on continuous eddy covariance measurements.Furthermore,the patterns of the exchange process between the wetland/lake/grassland surfaces and atmosphere around the land surface process observation sites at the Erhai lake,Lijiang alpine grassland,and Tengchong Beihai wetland are analyzed.In addition,the characteristics of the local circulation in mountainous lake areas obtained from simulations using the lake-atmosphere coupled model WRF v3.7.1 are investigated in complex mountainous areas.The characteristics of the land-atmosphere surface exchange process and their factors influencing different types of ecosystems in the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains have been preliminarily identified and disclosed.The main conclusions from this study are as follows:carbon and water exchange processes in the alpine meadows at the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau are considerably influenced by precipitation distribution.In addition to meteorological factors,carbon and water exchange occurring in the"floating blanket"wetlands,where grass floats on the surface like a blanket throughout the year,is affected by changes in the underlying surface vegetation and water proportion.Factors affecting carbon and water exchange processes in different ecosystems vary at different time scales.Wind speed has crucial impacts on the latent heat and CO_(2) exchange in lakes,while precipitation

关 键 词：地气相互作用 潜热通量 净碳交换 涡动相关 

分 类 号：P404[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]