基于MEMS水听器的水下探测系统设计与实现  

Design and Implementation of Underwater Detection System Based on MEMS Hydrophone

作　　者：裴嘉裕 张国军[1] 荆博原 柳燕 张文栋[1] Pei Jiayu;Zhang Guojun;Jing Boyuan;Liu Yan;Zhang Wendong(State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学省部共建动态测试技术国家重点实验室,太原030051

出　　处：《微纳电子技术》2024年第3期101-111,共11页Micronanoelectronic Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大科学仪器研制项目(61927807);国家自然科学基金项目(52175553);山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021224203)。

摘　　要：微电子机械系统(MEMS)水听器作为声呐的核心部件,具有灵敏度高、低频特性好的优势,在进行水下探测时,可同时得到水下声场的声压及振速信息,被广泛应用于声呐浮标、无人水下航行器(UUV)等水下平台,实现对水下目标的实时探测。以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为控制核心,基于MEMS水听器,选择合理的存储协议和能量检测算法,设计并实现了一套应用于声呐浮标的水下探测系统,并开展了室内测试与室外湖试实验。室内测试结果显示,MEMS水听器的矢量通道灵敏度约为-210 dB@100 Hz,可测带宽为10~2000 Hz,具有平滑的“8”字指向性;标量通道具有全向性,灵敏度为-189.5 dB@100 Hz,可测带宽为10~1250 Hz;系统功耗约1.55 W,同步采样率为10 kHz,存储容量为64 GB,可实现信号的实时检测以及对3路模拟信号和3路数字信号的存储。湖试实验结果表明,该系统在水下能够稳定工作,可以连续工作约23 h,经数据处理分析,系统采集到的水声信号正常,对目标信号的探测性能良好。As a core component of sonar,micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)hydrophone has the advantages of high sensitivity and good low frequency characteristics.In underwater detection,the sound pressure and vibration velocity information of underwater sound field can be obtained simultaneously,and it is widely used in underwater platforms such as sonobuoy and unmanned underwater vehicle(UUV)to realize real-time detection of underwater targets.With field programmable gate array(FPGA)as control core,a set of underwater detection system applied to sonobuoys was designed and implemented based on MEMS hydrophone,reasonable storage protocol and energy detection algorithm,and indoor test and outdoor lake test were carried out.The indoor test results show that the vector channel sensitivity of the MEMS hydrophone is about-210 dB@100 Hz,the measurable bandwidth is 10-2000 Hz,and the MEMS hydrophone has smooth"8"character directivity.The scalar channel is omnidirectional,the sensitivity is-189.5 dB@100 Hz,and the measurable bandwidth is 10-1250 Hz.The power consumption of the system is about 1.55 W,the synchronous sampling rate is 10 kHz,and the storage capacity is 64 GB.Thus the system can realize the real-time detection of the signal and the storage of the 3-channel analog signal and the 3-channel digital signal.The lake test results show that the system can work stably underwater,and operate continuously for about 23 h.After data processing and analysis,underwater acoustic signals collected by the system are normal,and the detection performance of target signal is good.

关 键 词：微电子机械系统(MEMS) 水听器 声呐浮标 水下探测 现场可编程门阵列(FPGA) 

分 类 号：TB565.1[交通运输工程—水声工程] TH703[理学—物理]