临床共情:概念、争议与回应  

Clinical Empathy:Concepts,Controversies and Responses

作　　者：谭心 刘星 TAN Xin;LIU Xing(School of Humanities,Central South University,Changsha 410012,China;Office of International Cooperation and Exchange,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410008,China;Office of Medical Ethics Committee,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410008,China;Medical Humanities Research Center,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学人文学院,湖南长沙410012 [2]中南大学湘雅医院国际合作与交流办公室,湖南长沙410008 [3]中南大学湘雅医院医学伦理委员会办公室,湖南长沙410008 [4]中南大学医学人文研究中心,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2024年第5期5-10,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD044);2023年中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023ZZTS0529)。

摘　　要：共情的概念在临床中具有多种类型并一直处于争论中,认为临床共情是对患者及其体验行为的经验。这种经验包括对患者的感性感受、一般感受、生命现象、因果关系等多种心理感受的经验。一方面对医生来说共情是一个本原的、当下的本己体验行为;另一方面,共情也涉及一个在此本原的本己体验中显示出来的关于患者“非本原给予的”异己体验。它具有三个阶段,常常只满足第一阶段,并且,这一阶段具有奠基性的地位,其先于任何的认知共情和情感共情。这样的临床共情概念一定程度上能解决概念争议。The concept of empathy has various types in clinical contexts and has been a subject of ongoing debate.Clinical empathy is considered an experiential understanding of patients and their behavioral expressions.This experience includes the experience of the patient's perceptual feelings,general feelings,life phenomena,causal relationships,and many other psychological feelings.On one hand,empathy for healthcare professionals is a fundamental,immediate self-experiential behavior;on the other hand,it involves an"non-originally given"other-experiential aspect of patients within this primal selfexperience.It has three phases,often fulfilling only the first one,and this phase is foundational,preceding any cognitive or affective empathy.This conceptualization of clinical empathy to some extent addresses the controversies surrounding the concept.

关 键 词：临床共情 认知共情 情感共情 混合共情 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]