历史人物的去魅与重构——以博斯沃思的亚历山大研究为中心的考察  

The Disenchantment and Reconstruction of Historical Figures:A Study Centered on the Research of Alexander the Great by A.B.Bosworth

作　　者：崔丽娜 Cui Lina

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,100089

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2024年第1期114-126,159,160,共15页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“塞琉古帝国经济与社会研究”(项目编号:23BSS003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人物研究是历史学研究的核心内容之一。由于研究者所处的时代和立场不同,对历史上一些重要人物的研究,往往会经历一个“构建-去魅-重构”的过程,博斯沃思的亚历山大研究就是历史人物研究中去魅与重构的典型样例。他对“英雄传统”下被美化的亚历山大形象进行了修正,改变了亚历山大“传播文明”这一叙事范式;同时,他从被征服者的视角,重构了一个残暴专制的征服者形象。博斯沃思的去魅与重构破除了对亚历山大的英雄构建,实现了亚历山大研究的历史转向,但他笔下的亚历山大形象仍然是片面和偏颇的,研究方法也未完全跳出“英雄传统”的模式。只有将亚历山大真正置于公元前四世纪的历史语境中,才能认识他在世界历史进程中的作用。Studies of historical figures constitute a foundational and core aspect of historical research.Due to the different eras,positions and points of view of researchers,studies of certain significant historical figures often underwent a process of transformation,from construction,through disenchantment,to reconstruction.A.B.Bosworth's research on Alexander the Great was a typical example of this process of disenchantment and reconstruction in historical figures studies.He corrected the idealized image of Alexander,often portrayed under the"heroic tradition"mode of historical writing,and challenged the narrative paradigm under which Alexander became a glorified"spreader of civilization".Meanwhile,he reconstructed an image of Alexander as a brutal and autocratic conqueror.This process of disenchantment and reconstruction shattered the constructed heroic image of Alexander,leading to a historic reorientation in Alexander studies.However,the image of Alexander in his works still remained one-sided and biased,and his methods had not completely escaped from the"heroic tradition".Only by placing Alexander fully within the historical context of the fourth century BCE can we more objectively understand his role in the development of world history.

关 键 词：历史人物研究 去魅 重构 博斯沃思 亚历山大 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]