论美国贸易法规中的强迫劳动标准  

On the Forced Labor Standards in US Trade Laws and Regulations

作　　者：孙国平[1] 贡欣然 Sun Guoping;Gong Xinran

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院 [2]苏州大学王健法学院劳动和社会保障法研究中心

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第1期79-98,共20页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金项目“劳动关系断裂背景下我国劳动法之反思与重构研究”(项目编号:18BFX197)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：美国于2021年颁布《维吾尔强迫劳动防止法》,以新疆存在所谓“强迫劳动”为由限制进口与新疆相关的任何产品。该法不仅妨碍新疆地区经济发展,而且可能损害中国对外贸易体系。《维吾尔强迫劳动防止法》并非孤例。自19世纪末以降,美国不断推动制定单边贸易法规,并将双边、区域与多边贸易协议与强迫劳动标准相挂钩,推行美国版劳动标准。这些含有强迫劳动标准的美国贸易法规对维持美国霸权地位与经济地位至关重要。过去几十年中,美国为达到其政治目的或经济利益,将包含强迫劳动标准的贸易法规作为干涉他国内政的工具,对缅甸、柬埔寨、墨西哥等国影响深远。鉴于上述实例,中国应重视美国贸易法规中的强迫劳动标准,构建和完善涉外法律法规体系,减少和预防美国法律对中国的负面影响。此外,中国应当积极磋商贸易协议中的劳动条款,结合国际劳动标准与各国实际劳动状况,在贸易协议中纳入各方可接受的劳动标准,以避免中国在劳动争议中处于被动地位。中国企业则须在遵守中国相关法律要求的前提下,采取切实行动维护劳动者权益和企业利益。In 2021,the United States enacted the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act(UFLPA),restricting imports on the grounds of the existence of the so-called"forced labor"in Xinjiang.The UFLPA is based on fabricated facts and the allegations against China are purely groundless nonsense.The strict burden of proof imposed by the UFLPA has forced companies to give up hiring workers in Xinjiang,hitting the economic development of Xinjiang,and depriving people of their right to development and labor.The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act is not an isolated case.Since the late 19th century,the United States has pushed for unilateral trade laws,as well as bilateral,regional,and multilateral trade agreements to link forced labor standards to promote the American version of labor standards.These US trade laws and regulations containing forced labor standards are not motivated by fair competition and the maintenance of an international order based on fairness and justice,but by the preservation of US economic interests and hegemony.In the past few decades,the United States has used trade laws and regulations containing forced labor standards as a tool to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries in order to achieve its political goals or economic interests,which has a profound impact on Myanmar,Cambodia,Mexico and other countries.The United States takes advantage of its unequal economic status with other countries to impose unilateral sanctions,which undermines the national sovereignty and economic freedom of other countries and will eventually lead to the distortion of free trade under the market economy.The consequences of these sanctions often directly harm the human rights of the citizens of the sanctioned countries.In view of the above examples,China should attach importance to the forced labor standards in the US trade laws and regulations,build a perfect foreign-related legal and regulatory system,and reduce and prevent the negative impact of US laws on China.In addition,the vast majority of trade agreements aroun

关 键 词：国际劳动标准 强迫劳动标准 美国贸易法规 涉疆法 人权 制裁 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D998.2