水蚀对黑土微塑料运移和分布影响的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Water Erosion on the Transport and Distribution of Microplastics in the Mollisols

作　　者：王琬 张少良[1] 刘旭 王玖琪 闫鹏科 李传宝[1] Wang Wan;Zhang Shaoliang;Liu Xu;Wang Jiuqi;Yan Pengke;Li Chuanbao(School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第2期1-10,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“侵蚀黑土耕层微塑料分布和运移机制”(42177321)。

摘　　要：[目的]阐明土壤中微塑料(MPs)的运移和分布特征,为土壤MPs污染防控和生态安全评价提供重要依据。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨装置和固定坡度土槽(5°)的方法,研究农田中常见的低密度聚乙烯MP(LDPE-MP)和低密度聚丙烯MP(LDPP-MP)在高容重(1.2 g/cm^(3))和低容重(1.0 g/cm^(3))土槽中随地表径流、泥沙和地下径流流失过程,及降雨后土槽内MPs空间分布特征。[结果]不同降雨时段中,径流量随时间增加而增加,降雨后期土壤侵蚀量小于初期,MPs流失浓度随时间的增加逐渐降低。土壤容重越大,地表径流造成的MPs流失量越小;土壤容重越小,MPs向坡下的迁移量越大。靠近坡下处入渗溶液中MPs流失量和浓度大于坡中位置,且靠近坡下处的MPs垂直迁移程度较大。土壤容重越大流失泥沙中MPs浓度越高,高容重处理在坡中、坡下处的MPs平均流失浓度分别是低容重处理的3.41,1.96倍。同一降雨时段中,高容重处理的降雨入渗量、土壤流失量均与MPs流失浓度呈负相关关系,低容重处理的降雨入渗量与MPs流失浓度呈正相关关系。侵蚀结束后,低容重处理坡上MPs浓度随着土层深度的增加而增加。与初始MPs相比,低容重处理坡中中间土层MPs浓度显著降低,坡下各土层MPs浓度均显著降低,高容重处理坡下中间土层和底层土壤MPs浓度显著降低。[结论]降雨侵蚀过程中MPs主要随地表泥沙迁移,地表径流和入渗同时改变了土壤中MPs的水平和垂直分布。[Objective]The aims of this study are to clarify the transport and distribution characteristics of microplastics(MPs)in soil,and provide the important basis for soil MPs pollution prevention and control,ecological safety assessment.[Methods]In this experiment,low density polyethylene MP(LDPE-MP)and low density polypropylene MP(LDPP-MP)commonly used in farmland were studied by means of artificial simulated rainfall device and fixed slope soil tank(5°)in high bulk density(1.2 g/cm^(3))and low bulk density(1.0 g/cm^(3)).The loss process of MPs accompanied by surface runoff,sediment,and underground runoff,and the spatial distribution characteristics of MPs in soil trough after rainfall were explored.[Results]In different rainfall periods,the runoff increased with the increase of time,the soil erosion in the late rainfall period was less than that in the early rainfall period,and the loss concentration of MPs gradually decreased with the increase of time.The higher the soil bulk density,the smaller the MPs loss caused by surface runoff.The lower the soil bulk density,the more MPs migrated to the downslope position.The MPs loss and concentration in the leaching solution near the bottom of the slope were greater than those in the middle of the slope,and the vertical migration of MPs near the bottom of the slope was larger.The higher the soil bulk density,the higher the MPs concentration in the sediment loss.The average loss concentrations of MPs in the middle slope and lower slope of the high bulk density treatment were 3.41 and 1.96 times of those in the low bulk density treatment.In the same rainfall period,both rainfall infiltration and soil loss of high bulk density treatment were negatively correlated with MPs loss concentration,while rainfall infiltration of low bulk density treatment was positively correlated with MPs loss concentration.After water erosion,MPs concentration in the top slope of low bulk density treatment increased with the increase of soil depth.Compared with the initial MPs concentration,MPs con

关 键 词：水蚀 微塑料 入渗 迁移 时空分布 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]