黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量的时间演进与空间分异特征  

Research on the Temporal Evolution and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Carbon Storage in Terrestrial Ecosystems on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：吕文宝 徐占军[1] 郭琦 王俊俊 李哲 LüWenbao;Xu Zhanjun;Guo Qi;Wang Junjun;Li Zhe(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第2期252-263,共12页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51304130);山西政府重大决策咨询课题(ZB20211703);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123403)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示土地利用变化导致黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量的时间变化及空间分异,为维护区域生态安全和土地管理提供理论指导。[方法]运用GIS、统计模型和地理探测器等方法,探究了1985—2019年黄土高原因LUCC引起的陆地生态系统碳储量的变化及空间分异的影响因素。[结果](1)1985—2019年黄土高原耕地减少277.14万hm^(2),林地、草地和建设用地分别增加167.97万hm^(2),119.35万hm^(2),128.47万hm^(2),其他土地减少143.75万hm^(2)。(2)1985—2019年黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量共增加5225.51万t,2002年后,随着还林还草等生态工程的进一步推进,碳储量增幅明显,尤其是植被碳储量。(3)1985—2002年黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量变化热点区域主要集中在陕西、山西、宁夏和内蒙古的部分地市;冷点区域主要集中在河南、山西、甘肃的部分地市;2002—2019年热点区域主要集中在陕西、甘肃、内蒙古和山西的部分地市;冷点区域主要集中在陕西、河南、山西、内蒙古和宁夏的部分地市。(4)黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量空间格局受自然和人类活动的综合影响,年NDVI、实际蒸发量、人类活动强度、年降水量、坡度和高程是主要影响因子,且自然因子和人为因子组合交互作用高于单类型因子之间的组合。[结论]以退耕还林还草为主的生态工程所引起的林、草地面积增加使得黄土高原陆地生态系统碳储量不断增加。在保证粮食安全的前提下,科学制定差异化的生态治理方案,强化推进研究区生态工程建设,限制建设用地扩张,有利于提高区域碳储量。[Objective]The aims of this study are to reveal the time temporal changes and spatial differentiation in carbon reserves of terrestrial ecosystems on the Loess Plateau caused by land use changes and their mechanisms,and to provide theoretical guidance for maintaining ecological safety and land management on the Loess Plateau.[Methods]GIS(Geographic Information System),statistical models and geographic probes were used to investigate the temporal changes and spatial variation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage due to LUCC on the Loess Plateau and the influencing factors of spatial differentiation from 1985 to 2019.[Results](1)From 1985 to 2019,arable land on the Loess Plateau decreased by 2771400 hm^(2),while forest land,grassland and construction land increased by 1679700 hm^(2),1193500 hm^(2)and 1284700 hm^(2),respectively,and other land decreased by 1437500 hm^(2).(2)From 1985 to 2019,the carbon stock of terrestrial ecosystems on the Loess Plateau increased by a total of 52.2551 million tons.After 2002,with the further promotion of ecological projects such as returning forests to grass,the carbon storage increased significantly,especially the carbon storage of vegetation.(3)The hot spot areas for carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems on the Loess Plateau from 1985 to 2002 mainly concentrated in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia and parts of Inner Mongolia.The cold spot areas mainly concentrated in parts of Henan,Shanxi and Gansu.The hot spot areas from 2002 to 2019 mainly concentrated in Shaanxi,Gansu,Inner Mongolia and some cities in Shanxi.The cold spot areas mainly concentrated in Shaanxi,Henan,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia and some cities in Ningxia.(4)The spatial pattern of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems on the Loess Plateau was influenced by a combination of natural and human activities,with annual NDVI,actual evapotranspiration,intensity of human activity,annual precipitation and slope gradient being the main influencing factors,and the interaction between the combination of natural factors and huma

关 键 词：土地利用变化 陆地生态系统碳储量 热点分析 地理探测器 黄土高原 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]