汉语元音前高化链移引起的中古韵书异读  

The Great Front Vowel Shift and the Formation of the Alternative Pronunciations Mid-ancient Rhyme Books

作　　者：赵庸 ZHAO Yong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2024年第1期56-69,127,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJA740041)。

摘　　要：前中古期,汉语发生元音前高化链移,上古歌_(1)歌_(3)部、支歌_(2)部、脂_(2)脂_(1)部受音变规则作用,经分化、合并,变入中古歌麻佳皆支脂齐韵,在韵书中表现为异读。前高化链移不可能产生滞后层,由于麻_(二)佳同韵、支脂混韵反映语音借入,而非元音高化,所以超前层缺失。异读主要由主体层读音构成。前后链于层次数量及主体层、超前层、滞后层的分层形态存在差异,深层次的原因是链阶数差异。In the early mid-ancient times,the great front vowel shift had happened in Chinese phonology.Because of the different sound change rules,the rhyme groups Ge_(1)(歌_(1))Ge_(3)(歌_(3)),Zhi(支)Ge_(2)(歌_(2)),Zhi_(2)(脂_(2))Zhi_(1)(脂_(1))either merged into the same rhymes or were divided into the different rhymes,such as the new rhymes Ge(歌)Ma(麻)Jia(佳)Jie(皆)Zhi(支)Zhi(脂)Qi(齐).This event brought the appearance of some alternative pronunciations in the rhyme books.The great front vowel shift couldn't bring the lagging stratums.The sound loan,not the vowel raising,resulted in the same sound of the rhymes Ma(麻)Jia(佳)and the same sound of the rhymes Zhi(支)Zhi(脂),so there were no advanced stratums of the front vowels in the phonology.The alternative pronunciations were mainly composed of main stratums.The front vowel shift and the back vowel shift were different in the number of the stratum,and the strata form of the main stratums,the advanced stratums and the lagging stratums.The deep reason was the number difference of the shift steps.

关 键 词：异读 元音高化链移 层次 外借层 中古音系 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]