康德的先验自由方案:以先验观念论为钥匙  

Kant’s Transcendental Freedom Scheme:Taking Transcendental Idealism as the Key

作　　者：陈广辉 Chen Guanghui(College of Politics&Public Administration,Soochow University,Suzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第2期83-93,共11页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目《断裂与重建:帕多瓦的马西留与现代秩序的构造》阶段性成果,项目编号:22FZXB048;江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目《皮科·米兰多拉与文艺复兴时期唯名论视域下的存在与自由问题研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:2022SJYB1419。

摘　　要：康德《纯粹理性批判》的第三组二律背反从对自然的无限追问开始,经过先验观念论对先验自由问题的解决,最终以同一个主体拥有两种品格来实现自然和自由的相容。其中,先验观念论是把握康德先验自由方案的关键,它试图以先验观念论为钥匙,通过分析《纯粹理性批判》的相关文本,表明康德一方面区分了现象和自在之物,使得现象界遵从自然因果律的规定;另一方面规定有限理性存在者在理知的层面上是自由的,从而满足了人对无限性的追求。康德提供解决先验自由问题的认识论方案,为人的实践行为提供了一个无限的自由空间,同时也推进了自笛卡尔以来的主体性问题。The third antinomy in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason starts with the infinite inquiry of nature,through the solution of transcendental freedom by transcendental idealism,finally realize the compatibility of nature and freedom by the same subject having two characters.Among them,transcendental idealism is the key to grasp Kant’s transcendental freedom scheme.This paper attempts to take the transcendental idealism as the key,through the analysis of the relevant texts of Critique of Pure Reason,to show that:on the one hand,Kant distinguishes the phenomenon from the thing in itself,making the phenomenal world comply with the provisions of the law of natural causality;On the other hand,it stipulates that the limited rational being is free at the level of rational knowledge,so as to meet human’s pursuit of infinity.Kant provides an epistemological solution to the problem of transcendental freedom,an infinite free space for human practical behavior,and promotes the problem of subjectivity since Descartes.

关 键 词：先验观念论 先验自由 自然 现象 品格 

分 类 号：B5-04[哲学宗教—外国哲学]