沈阳市臭氧污染特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and Its Influencing Factors in Shenyang

作　　者：蒋伯琪 浮天 程昳璇 苏枞枞 沈建东 于谨铖 于兴娜[1] JIANG Boqi;FU Tian;CHENG Yixuan;SU Zongzong;SHEN Jiandong;YU Jincheng;YU Xingna(Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,P.R.China;Shenyang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110000,P.R.China;Hangzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310012,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]辽宁省沈阳生态环境监测中心,辽宁沈阳110000 [3]浙江省杭州生态环境监测中心,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第1期72-79,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0214604);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022h11020008)。

摘　　要：近年来中国城市O_(3)污染问题日益突出,近地面O_(3)已成为沈阳市的主要空气污染物之一。基于沈阳市2019年近地面臭氧(O_(3))及其前体物(VOCs和NO_(2))的逐时数据,结合同期气象观测资料,研究了2019年沈阳大气O_(3)的季节变化特征,分析了VOCs和NO_(2)以及气象条件对O_(3)生成的影响;利用最大增量反应活性法(MIR)估算了沈阳大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并运用正交矩阵因子分解法(PMF)进行了沈阳夏季VOCs的来源解析。结果表明:2019年沈阳市O_(3)平均质量浓度夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低;四季O_(3)日变化特征均表现为单峰型,质量浓度峰值出现在14:00左右,谷值出现在07:00左右。沈阳市O_(3)质量浓度与温度、风速均呈现正相关关系(P=0.001,P=0.005),与相对湿度呈负相关关系(P=0.005);当温度达到30.0℃以上,O_(3)质量浓度明显升高;风速低于3.0 m·s^(-1)时O_(3)质量浓度小于75.0μg·m^(-3),而风速超过4.0 m·s^(-1)时O_(3)质量浓度迅速升高至100μg·m^(-3);湿度小于20%时O_(3)质量浓度较高,当湿度大于80%时O_(3)质量浓度显著降低,由75.0μg·m^(-3)降低至58.7μg·m^(-3)。O_(3)平均质量浓度与前体物VOCs和NO_(2)质量浓度呈负相关关系(P=0.005),O_(3)平均质量浓度最大值对应的NO_(2)质量浓度区间为20.0-30.0μg·m^(-3)。2019年沈阳市大气VOCs的臭氧生成潜势依次表现为烯烃>芳香烃>烷烃>炔烃,烯烃在4个季节均为最大贡献者,表明烯烃对沈阳市O_(3)生成具有重要贡献。夏季沈阳市VOCs主要来源于石油化工源、溶剂使用源、液化石油气污染源、燃烧源和机动车排放源。沈阳作为我国传统重工业基地,加强对石油化工、溶剂使用和燃料挥发等方面的监管是降低沈阳市大气O_(3)质量浓度水平的有效途径。该研究可以为沈阳市O_(3)污染治理提供重要参考。Due to the increasingly prominent O_(3) pollution problem in Chinese cities in recent years,near-surface O_(3) has become one of the main air pollutants in Shenyang..Based on the hourly data of near–surface ozone(O_(3))and its precursors(VOCs and NO_(2))in Shenyang,combined with the meteorological observation data of the same period,the seasonal variation characteristics of O_(3) in Shenyang in 2019 were studied.The effects of VOCs,NO_(2) and meteorological conditions on formation of O_(3) were analyzed.The ozone generation potential(OFP)of VOCs were estimated using the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR),and the source apportionment of VOCswas studied based onthe positive matrix factorization(PMF)method.The results show that the average O_(3)mass concentration in 2019 of Shenyang was the highest in summer,followed by spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.The O_(3)mass concentrations in all four seasons showed the characteristics of uni-peak mode with the peak occurring at around 2 pm and the trough at around 7 am.The O_(3)mass concentrations showed a positive correlation relationship with temperature and wind speed(P=0.001 and P=0.005,respectively),and a negative correlation with humidity(P=0.005).The O_(3)mass concentration increased significantly when temperature reachedabove 30.0℃.The O_(3)mass concentration was less than 75.0μg·m^(-3)when the wind speed was lower than 3.0 m·s^(-1),while the O_(3)mass concentration increased rapidly to 100μg·m^(-3) when the wind speed exceeded 4.0 m·s^(-1).The O_(3)mass concentration was higher when Hr<20%,and declined from 75.0μg·m^(-3) to 58.7μg·m^(-3)when Hr>80%.The O_(3)mass concentration was also negativelycorrelated with VOCs and NO_(2)(P=0.005).When the average mass concentration of O_(3) reaches the maximum value,the mass concentration range of NO_(2) was 20.0-30.0μg·m^(-3).In 2019,the annual OFP of various VOCs showed in order of alkene>aromatic hydrocarbons>alkanes>alkynes,and alkenes were the largest contributors in four seasons,indicating that

关 键 词：沈阳 臭氧 VOCS 污染特征 气象条件 臭氧生成潜势 来源解析 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52